BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

No abstract

Today their number was assumed to be approximately 120,000-140,000 by Mallon and Kingswood (2001), but populations throughout the range have decreased since then and are subject to continuing illegal hunting and habitat loss (IUCN, 2013). Until the 20th century, the distribution of Gazella in Turkey included a large area extending from Çukurova-Adana to Eastern Anatolia. However, they were restricted to several isolated locations in Şanlıurfa, Hatay, and Adana during the last century due to overhunting, live-trapping of juveniles for trade, heavy pesticide use, and habitat degradation (Turan, 1977;Demirsoy, 2003). Due to their rapidly decreasing number, gazelles were classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as lower risk, near threatened, and vulnerable in , 2003in , and 2006in , respectively (IUCN, 2013. Therefore, gazelles are considered to be under a high risk of extinction (Baillie and Groombridge, 1996;IUCN, 2013).The first attempt to protect the existence of gazelles in Turkey was a hunting prohibition put into law in 1957 (Turan, 1984). In spite of the prohibition, the decline in the number of gazelles continued and the Turkish General Directorate of Nature Protection and National Parks started another conservation program in 1968 in order to reintroduce gazelles to the wild. In 1977, a 26-ha fenced captive breeding station was established in Ceylanpınar-Şanlıurfa with 3 females from Şanlıurfa and 1 male and female from the Tarsus district of Mersin Province. The gazelles reared in this station were later used to establish 3 further captive breeding stations in Şanlıurfa, Gaziantep,

No abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of some loci on chromosomes 1 (CJA1) and 3 (CJA3) in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) raised in Turkey. With this study population genetics parameters were estimated in order to select individuals for establishing a reference population, which would be used for studies on recombination frequency. Fertilized eggs obtained from flocks raised in six different provinces of Turkey were incubated for 120 h and 191 embryos were collected. From the tissue samples of the embryos, DNA was isolated by using DNA isolation kits. Particular regions of SEMA3E, IFR1, HAL, LOC396025, UGP2, LOC396192, TLX and BMP5 loci were amplified with specifically designed primers for each locus by using PCR technique. The PCR products were cut with an appropriate restriction enzyme for each locus and analysed by using agarose gel electrophoresis. Presence of different alleles, allele and genotype frequencies, heterozygosities and genetic distances were estimated. Out of the eight loci studied, polymorphism was found for the SEMA3E and TLX loci on 1. and 3. chromosomes, respectively, while five loci were found to be monomorphic and one locus (HAL) could not be amplified by PCR. The populations studied were found to be mostly in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The results indicated that the SEMA3E and TLX loci can be used for studying recombination frequencies in the populations included into the study. Keywords: Japanese quail, RFLP, Polymorphism, RecombinationTürkiye'deki Japon Bıldırcınlarında (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Bazı Lokuslardaki Polimorfizmin PCR-RFLP Yöntemi İle Araştırılması ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı Japon bıldırcınlarında (Coturnix coturnix japonica) 1. (CJA1) ve 3. (CJA3) kromozom üzerinde bulunan bazı genlerdeki kesim bölgesi polimorfizminin (RFLP) araştırılmasıdır. Bu çalışma ile rekombinasyon oranları ile ilgili araştırma amacıyla kullanılacak bir popülasyonu oluşturacak bireylerin seçimine temel teşkil edecek olan popülasyon genetiği parametrelerinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Türkiyenin altı farklı ilindeki işletmelerden elde edilen döllü bıldırcın yumurtaları 37°C'de 120 saat süreyle inkube edildikten sonra 191 adet embriyodan doku örneği alınmıştır. Alınan doku örneklerinden özel kitler yardımıyla DNA izolasyonu yapılmıştır. SEMA3E, IFR1, HAL, LOC396025, UGP2, LOC396192, TLX ve BMP5 lokuslarının belirli bölgeleri özel olarak dizayn edilmiş olan primerler yardımıyla ve PCR işlemi ile çoğaltılmıştır. Elde edilen PCR ürünleri uygun bir restririksiyon enzimi ile kesilmiş ve agaroz jel elektroforezi yardımıyla ayrımlanmıştır. İncelenen popülasyonlarda farklı allellerin varlığı, genotip ve allel frekansları, heterozigotluk dereceleri ve genetik mesafeler hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan sekiz lokustan 1. ve 3. kromozomlar üzerinde bulunan SEMA3E ve TLX lokuslarında polimorfizm tespit edilmiş, beş lokus monomorfik olarak bulunmuş bir lokusta (HAL) ise PCR işlemi ile çoğaltma yapılamamıştır. Çalışılan popülasyonların büyük...

1. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount and quality of genomic DNA isolated from embryos and their chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) and to investigate the utility of different PCR methods for identifying the sex of Japanese quail embryos. 2. Fertilised eggs were incubated at 37°C for 120 h and DNA was isolated from samples of embryos and CAM. Target regions of the CHD-W gene or XhoI repeat sequence were amplified by PCR and examined on agarose gels or by using a capillary electrophoresis system. 3. DNA samples from embryos had significantly higher OD260 values than those from CAM, while OD260/280 values were not significantly different between embryos and CAM. 4. Gender identification was not possible by PCR amplification of the CHD gene region or XhoI repeat sequences examined on agarose gels, whereas males and females of Japanese quail were distinguishable when PCR products of the CHD gene were separated by capillary electrophoresis. 5. The results showed that high molecular weight DNA could be isolated from both embryo and CAM of Japanese quail. DNA isolated from CAM could be used for molecular genetic studies where embryos would be used for other purposes, such as in situ hybridisation. A capillary electrophoresis system could be used for identifying the gender of Japanese quail embryos.

The objective of this study was to investigate genetic variability of CSN1S1 gene coding for alpha-s1-casein in goat populations raised in Southeastern Region of Turkey. Blood samples were collected from goats raised in Kilis(n=60), Sanliurfa (n=56), and Siirt (n=55) provinces of Turkey. From the blood samples DNA was isolated by using phenol-chloroform extraction. Genotypes of animals were determined by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), allele specific PCR or PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. In Kilis and Sanliurfa populations CSN1S1 A*, B*, F and N alleles were observed, while in Siirt population only A* and B* alleles were found. Frequencies of A*, B*, F and N alleles were 0.375, 0.367, 0.017 and 0.242 in Kilis, 0.632, 0.208, 0.009 and 0.151in Sanliurfa and 0.782, 0.218, 0.000 and 0.000 in Siirt populations, respectively. CSN1S1 E and 01 alleles were not observed among the populations studied. Observed and expected genotype frequencies did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The results of this study suggested that there were sufficient genetic variability of CSN1S1 gene especially in Sanliurfa and Kilis populations in order to select individuals for different breeding purposes.

The objectives of this study were to examine correlations of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels with age, ovarian function and fertility performance in purebred Arabian mares and to assess the potential use of AMH concentrations as a fertility indicator for the selection of breeder animals. For this purpose, thirty-six non-lactating purebred Arabian mares with no previous fertility problems constituted the material of the study. The animals were assigned to groups according to their age: Group I (aged 4-8 years), group II (9-18 years) and group III (19-25 years). Mean serum AMH concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.001) in group II (0.873±0.096 ng/mL) than in groups I (0.466±0.051 ng/mL) and III (0.347±0.068 ng/mL). Furthermore, serum AMH concentration was positively correlated with the daily increase in ovarian follicle diameter as well with mares with higher conception rates. It was also negatively correlated with anovulation and number of mating per conception. In summary, a strong relationship was found between peripheral AMH concentrations and fertility performance in purebred Arabian mares. ÖzBu çalışmanın amacı, safkan Arap kısraklarda serum anti-Müllerian hormon (AMH) seviyelerinin yaş, ovaryum fonksiyonları ve fertilite performansı ile korelasyonlarını incelemek ve AMH konsantrasyonlarının damızlık hayvan seçimi için fertilite göstergesi olarak potansiyel kullanımını değerlendirmektir. Bu amaçla çalışmanın materyalini herhangi bir fertilite problemi bulunmayan ve laktasyonda olmayan 36 Safkan Arap kısrak oluşturdu. Hayvanlar yaşlarına göre 3 gruba ayrıldı: Grup I (4-8 yaş), grup II (9-18 yaş) ve grup III (19-25 yaş). Ortalama serum AMH konsantrasyonları, grup II'de (0.873±0.096 ng/mL) grup I (0.466±0.051 ng/mL) ve III'e (0.347±0.068 ng/mL) göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (P<0.001). Kısraklarda serum AMH konsantrasyonunun, günlük ovaryum folikül çap artışıyla ve gebelik oranları ile pozitif korelasyon gösterirken anovulasyon ve gebelik başına düşen aşım sayısı ile negatif korelasyon gösterdiği görüldü. Özetle, safkan Arap kısraklarda periferik AMH konsantrasyonları ile fertilite performansı arasında güçlü bir ilişki tespit edildi.