Demirel, M., Yilmaz, I., Deniz, S., Kaplan, 0. and Altdeniz, H. 2003. Effect of addition of urea or urea plus molasses to different corn silages harvested at dough stage on silage quality and digestible dry matter yield. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 24: 7-16.To study the effects of 0.5% urea. aiid 0.5% ureaplus 4% inolasses r~. '
Materials and MethodsArifiye, Frassino, Rx-947 and 3394 corn cultivars were harvested at dough stage, chopped and three treatment groups: control, with 0.5% urea and with 0.5% urea plus 4% molasses were formed. Total 36 silage samples (4 cultivars, 3 treatment groups and 3 replications) were put into one kg jars and pressed. Lid of jars were punched anrl lid side of jars were put on floor for 48 h to drain out excess water. Jars were opened after 90 days. pH of silages was measured as soon as jars were opened. Using Whatman 64 filter paper, filtered silagc liquids and silage fluid were stored in deep freezer until they werc analyzed. Organic acid analyses were made according to method of Leventini et al. (1990) using gas chromatography.Crude protein analyses of silage samples were made by using wet samples. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and crude ash were analyzed by Weende method (I3ulgurlu and Ergiil, 1978). Van Soest and Robertson (1979) methods were applied to analyze AD17 and NDF. Tilley and Terry's (1963) methods (modified by Marten and Barnes, 1980) were used to Zeterinine i i i r:ilw dry mattcr digestibility (IVDMD) of silage samples. Ruininal ingesta from an Addition of urea to corn silage 9 alfalfa-fed ruminally fistulated ram was hand-collected and strained through four layers of cheesecloth to provide the inoculate for IVDMD determination.Results were analyzed by analysis of variance (SAS, 1998).Treatment means were separated with Duncan test at PcO.05 (Duzgunes, et al., 1978).
Results and DiscussionProximate composition of different silages differed by cultivars and supplements, whereas, their interactions were significant for DM, CP and ADF only ( Cultivars' effect on per cent NDF (P
There are small number of tables that show digestibility and energy contents of compound feeds produced by feed factory in different regions of Turkey. Thus, in this paper, four different compound feed types (dairy cattle, beef cattle, calf and lamb growing feeds), totalling 78 compound feeds were analysed to determine their feeding value, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) digestibility and energy content (digestible energy (DE), metabolisable energy (ME) and net energy for lactation (NEL). As a result of this study, the crude fiber (CF) levels were higher than standard values in calf and lamb compound feeds and beef cattle compound feeds; however, in the dairy cattle and calf and lamb compound feeds, the crude protein (CP) values were lower than standard values. These findings are considered highly important for the region's animal feeding. According to our results, the compound feeds for dairy cattle and lamb being used for ruminant nutrition in Diyarbakir Province of Turkey were found to have low nutrient qualities; however, in the calf feed both the metabolisable energy level and nutrient quantities were low. Keywords IntroductionTo increase the healthful eating of animal products as an important part of our society, it is necessary to feed the animals in a rational way. In particular, the quantity and quality of proteins in animal feed are important. The feeding values and energy content of animal feeds vary according to, soil conditions, climate and processing methods etc. There are a small number tables that show digestibility and energy contents of compound feeds produced in different regions of Turkey. Low-quality feedstuffs can cause serious nutritional disorders in animals (Çelik et al., 2003;Ergün et al., 2004;Baran, 2014). In order to prevent health problems that arise from imbalanced and insufficient nutrition, it is essential to use a higher quality of animal products to manufacture feeds in animal nutrition (Akdeniz et al., 2005;Baran, 2014;Oğuz et al., 2016).The nutrient content of feed materials used in compound feed production has been shown in the tables grouped in different sources (Dale and Batal 2005;Baran et al., 2008a). Baran et al. (2008b), working in the Diyarbakir province, studied the nutritional content of compound feeds for ruminants. Excluding beef cattle feed from the other compound feeds, they found that the feeds below the declared level of crude protein, while the crude fiber content was higher than declared.There is a close relationship between the digestibility of feeds in terms of organic matter digestibility and energy (Turgut et al., 2002;Denek and Deniz 2004;Ergün et al., 2004). A fast and accurate method for determining the nutritional value of compound feed is of great importance. The determination of feed value is currently made through chemical and biological analyses. However, chemical analyses cannot adequately measure the real value of animal feeds; the actual feed quality depends on an evaluation of the nutrients in the context of the animals being fed (Kara ...
Bu çalışma, bıldırcın rasyonlarına çörek otu tohumu ya da çörek otu yağı ilavesinin besi performansı, karkas özellikleri ve bazı kan parametrelerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Araştırmada, 180 adet bir günlük yaşta Japon bıldırcını civcivi kullanıldı. Civcivler 45 hayvandan oluşan 4 ana gruba, her ana grup ise 15 civcivden oluşan 3 alt gruba ayrıldı. Gruplardan birisi başlangıç (1-21. gün) ve büyütme (22-35. gün) dönemlerinde temel yemlerle beslendi (Kontrol). Diğer gruplar aynı yeme %0.1 oksitetrasiklin (Pozitif Kontrol: PK), %1 çörek otu tohumu (ÇOT) veya %0.1 çörek otu yağı (ÇOY) ilave edilerek beslendi. Deneme bitiminde her ana gruptan 15 bıldırcın kesilerek karkas verim özellikleri ve kan serum parametreleri belirlendi. Araştırma sonunda, PK ve ÇOT gruplarının canlı ağırlık ortalaması Kontrol'den önemli derecede yüksek bulundu. Araştırma geneli dikkate alındığında ortalama canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma oranı bakımından gruplar arasında farklılık görülmedi. Karkas ağırlığı; Kontrol grubunda diğer tüm gruplardan önemli derecede düşük bulunurken, karkas randımanı, göğüs, but ve kanat oranları bakımından gruplar arasında farklılık oluşmadı. Serum kolesterol konsantrasyonu ÇOY grubunda Kontrol grubundan önemli derecede düşük tespit edilirken, Ca, P, VLDL, HDL, LDL, ALT, ALP, albumin, globulin ve total protein konsantrasyonu bakımından gruplar arasında farklılık görülmedi. Sonuç olarak; bıldırcın rasyonlarına %1 oranında çörek otu tohumu ilavesinin antibiyotik ilaveli grupta olduğu gibi canlı ağırlığı önemli derecede artırdığı, %0.1 oranında çörek otu yağı ilavesinin hipokolesterolemik etki gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar sözcükler: Bıldırcın, Çörek otu tohumu, Çörek otu yağı, Besi performansı, Karkas, Kan parametreleri Effect of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Seeds or Black Cumin Oil Addition to Japanese Quail Diets on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Some Blood Parameters AbstractThis study was conducted to determine effects of black cumin seeds or black cumin oil addition to quail rations on growth performance, carcass traits and some blood parameters. Totally 180 daily Japanese quail chicks were used. Chicks allocated four main groups each containing 45 chicks, and each main group divided into three subgroups each containing 15 chicks. A group was fed with basal starter diet for 1-21 th days and grower diet for 22-35 th days (Control). Other groups were fed same diets but their diet added by 0.1% oxytetracycline (Positive control: PC), 1% black cumin seed (BCS) or 0.1% black cumin oil (BCO). At last of study 15 chicks from each main group were slaughtered for determination of carcass traits and blood serum parameters. Final average live weight of quails in PC and BCS groups were significantly higher than C group. There were no differences on live weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio among the groups on basis of whole study period. Carcass weight was lower in C group than the other groups, while there were no differences on carcass yield, leg...
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