ABSTACT Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) is a widely used medicinal herb in Indian traditional system of medicine. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of A. nilagirica extracts/fractions on inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis in a human monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cell line. The crude extracts (A. nilagirica ethyl acetate extract [ANE] and A. nilagirica methanolic extract [ANA]) showed cytotoxic activity toward THP-1 cells with the IC50 values of 38.21 ± 7.37 and 132.41 ± 7.19 µg/ml, respectively. However, the cytotoxic activity of active fractions (ANE-B and ANM-9) obtained after column chromatography was found to be much more pronounced than their parent extracts. The IC50 values of ANE-B and ANM-9 were found to be 27.04 ± 2.54 µg/ml and 12.70 ± 4.79 µg/ml, respectively, suggesting greater susceptibility of the malignant cells. Cell cycle analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling (TUNEL) assay revealed that inhibition of cell growth by A. nilagirica fractions on THP-1 cells was mediated by apoptosis. Active fractions of A. nilagirica increased the expression levels of caspase-3, -7, and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), a critical member of the apoptotic pathway. These results suggested that active fractions of A. nilagirica may play a promising role in growth suppression by inducing apoptosis in human monocytic leukemic cells via mitochondria-dependent and death receptor-dependent apoptotic pathways.
Bhat et al.: Cytotoxicity and Inhibition of Proinflammatory Enzymes by Artemisia nilagiricaThe current study was performed to screen the extracts of Artemisia nilagirica (C.B. Clarke) Pamp. for antiproliferative and antiinflammatory properties. Antiproliferative activity was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Antiinflammatory activity was evaluated in terms of lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities. Results indicated that out of the 3 extracts tested, methanol extract was found to inhibit Y79 (human retinoblastoma) and MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines. The same extract was also found to inhibit lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase enzymes in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC 50 of 128.20±3.39 and 144.23±2.04 µg/ ml for lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase, respectively. The present study highlighted the antiproliferative potential of the plant against cancer cell lines. The extracts inhibited lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase enzymes. Therefore, this plant could be a valuable source for anticancer and antiinflammatory molecules.
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