Extraction and Identification of Secondary Metabolites from AL6 Isolates and Its Potential as Antibacterial against Escherichia coliABSTRACTSecondary metabolites in the form of antibiotics can be produced by rhizospheric bacteria. AL6 bacterial isolate, which is one of the bacterial isolates from the rhosphere of Saccarum officinarum L., is known to produce antibiotic compounds. This study aims to determine the activity of antibiotics from AL6 ethyl acetate extracts produced by AL6 bacterial isolates, to analyze the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the similarity of the active substances using GCMS. The ethyl acetate extract obtained was tested for MIC at 1.25%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 20%, and 40% concentrations. Detection of potential antibiotic spots was carried out using bioautographic thin layer chromatography (TLC). Compounds responsible for antibiotic activity were analyzed using GCMS. Minimum inhibitory levels obtained reached 2.5%. The active spots responsible for antibiotic activity against Escherichia coli at Rf 0.94. Components detected using GCMS and suspected to be antibiotics include chloroform; ethane, 1,1-dimethoxy-(CAS) dimethyl acetal; dan 1,3-dioxolane, 2-methoxymethyl-2,4,5-trimethyl.Keywords: AL6 bacterial isolate; antibiotic; Escherichia coli; GCMS; MICABSTRAKMetabolit sekunder berupa antibiotik dapat diproduksi oleh bakteri rizosfer. Isolat bakteri AL6, salah satu isolat bakteri dari rizosfer Saccarum officinarum L., diketahui dapat menghasilkan senyawa antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antibiotik dari ekstrak etil asetat antibiotik AL6 yang dihasilkan isolat bakteri AL6, menganalisis kadar hambat minimum (KHM), serta kemiripan zat aktif menggunakan GCMS. Ekstrak etil asetat yang diperoleh diuji KHM-nya pada konsentrasi 1,25%, 2,5%, 5,0%, 10,0%, 20%, dan 40%. Deteksi bercak yang berpotensi sebagai antibiotik dilakukan menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) bioautografi. Senyawa yang berperan dalam aktivitas antibiotik dianalisis menggunakan GCMS. Kadar hambat minimal yang diperoleh mencapai 2,5%. Hasil uji KLT bioautografi memperlihatkan bercak aktif sebagai antibiotik terhadap Escherichia coli pada Rf 0,94. Komponen senyawa yang terdeteksi menggunakan GCMS dan diduga sebagai antibiotik antara lain chloroform; ethane, 1,1-dimethoxy-(CAS) dimethyl acetal; dan 1,3-dioxolane, 2-methoxymethyl-2,4,5-trimethyl.
Kualitas air secara biologis ditentukan oleh banyak parameter, antara lain parameter mikroba pencemar/ patogen. Bakteri Escherichia coli merupakan salah satu bakteri yang menjadi salah satu parameter kualitas suatu air. Jumlah kasus diare di Kota Magelang tahun 2014 mengalami kenaikan dibanding kasus diare tahun 2013, yaitu sebanyak 3.577 kasus dengan persentase sebesar 139,59% yang disebabkan oleh bakteri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya cemaran bakteri Escherichia coli dan mengetahui nilai Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) cemaran bakteri Escherichia coli pada air bilasan pada Rumah Potong Ayam (RPA) yang dapat berpotensi sebagai pencemar di lingkungan Kota Magelang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cawar sebar dengan menggunakan media untuk pengujian adalah media TBX agar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya cemaran bakteri Escherichia coli yang melebihi 1x101CFU/ml pada air bilasan ayam pada beberapa RPA di Kota Magelang, yaitu 61,1% sampel uji atau sekitar 11 tempat sampling dari total sebanyak 18 tempat pemotongan ayam. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa air hasil bilasan tersebut dapat berpotensi sebagai salah satu sumber cemaran bakteri Escherichia coli pada daging ayam dan air tanah lingkungan sekitar pembuangan limbah air bilasan. Hanya terdapat 38,9% dari 18 RPA masih memenuhi ambang batas cemaran bakteri Escherichia coli. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya langkah-langkah strategis berikutnya, yaitu pengolahan air limbah RPA dengan proses biofilter, serta dapat disosialisasikan terkait cara mengolah daging yang benar.
Antibiotics are metabolic products produced by certain microorganisms that can also damage other microorganisms. About 22,000 secondary metabolites in the form of antibiotics are produced by microbes, 70% are produced by actinomycetes, 20% by fungi, 7% Bacillus spp. and 1–2% by other bacteria. This research was conducted to determine the optimal time for bacteria to produce antibacterial which can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The method used is the well method with a diameter of 6.00 mm wellbore. The test results obtained, isolates of Te234 can produce optimal antibacterial which can inhibit the growth of Staphyloccus aureus bacteria on the 13th day with inhibition zone diameter of 16.00 ± 4.00mm against Escherichia coli bacteria on the 14th day with inhibitory zone diameter of 15, 33 ± 1.15mm so that it can be used as a determinant of the incubation time to produce antibacterial compounds. The TE 234 isolates are able to produce antibiotics that have the potential for the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria optimally on the 13th day, while on Escherichia coli on the 14th day
Jamu is still the choice of Indonesian people as an alternative to modern medicine until now. As a cultural heritage of the Indonesian, jamu is still very popular from the west to the east of Indonesia. The enthusiasm of the Indonesian in consuming jamu has encouraged many traditional medicine industries to produce jamu with many kinds of claim. Jamu "X" is claimed to help maintain body health. This research was conducted to determine the total flavonoid content in jamu "X" calculated as rutin by UV-spectrophotometric method with aluminum chloride (AlCl3) reagent. Jamu "X" is a product with new formula that is expected to be marketed soon. The determination of the maximum absorbance wavelength of rutin was carried out at a wavelength of 400-800 nm and the resulting maximum absorbance wavelength of rutin was 416.5 nm. The determination of total flavonoid calculated as rutin determined using a linear regression equation from the rutin standard. The linear regression equation was determined from a rutin standard curve series with 10; 12.5; 15; 17.5 and 20 g/ml, respectively and the linear regression equation obtained y = 0.0275x + 0.093. The results of the determination of rutin in the jamu "X" were 1.474%; 1.474% and 1.469% with an average value of 1.472%.
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