Pressures from various interests towards Ngurah Rai Grand Forest Park have potential to trigger of damage on mangrove ecosystem. The study aims to identify the utilization of mangroves at Ngurah Rai Grand Forest ABSTRAKAdanya tekanan dari berbagai kepentingan terhadap kawasan Tahura Ngurah Rai berpotensi menjadi penyebab kerusakan tanaman mangrove yang menyebabkan perubahan ekosistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan: mengidentifikasi pemanfaatan mangrove oleh masyarakat; mengidentifikasi faktor internal dan eksternal dalam pengelolaan mangrove; dan menentukan strategi pengelolaan mangrove. Analisis SWOT digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dua faktor internal tertinggi yang menjadi kekuatan pengelolaan mangrove di Bali adalah lokasi yang strategis dan merupakan ekosistem mangrove terbesar di Bali. Sedangkan faktor internal yang menjadi kelemahan adalah banyaknya sampah dan lumpur serta adanya sedimentasi di Tahura bagian hilir. Faktor-faktor eksternal yang menjadi peluang pengelolaan mangrove yaitu wisatawan yang terus meningkat dan lokasi yang dekat dengan objek wisata lain. Sedangkan yang menjadi ancaman pengelolaan adalah adanya kepentingan pihak-pihak tertentu yang cenderung mengurangi keberadaan dan kelestarian hutan mangrove, pembuangan sampah di daerah hulu yang masih terjadi, dan pembangunan infrastruktur di sekitar. Lima strategi pengelolaan mangrove di Bali adalah implementasi dan penegakan aturan yang jelas, terkait zonasi dan regulasi yang menyertainya; pengelolaan sampah dan pengendalian pencemaran; penyuluhan dan pendidikan lingkungan terhadap masyarakat; perencanaan pembangunan strategis yang mempertimbangkan daya dukung dan daya tampung mangrove; pengembangan pariwisata yang melibatkan masyarakat dan kearifan lokal.
This study aims to determine replanting potential and marketing channels of rubber wood and the influence of rubber prices on the revenues of rubber wood supplier. As a case study, the study was conducted in Sembawa Village, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra. Data was collected through interview technique with respondent by using structured questionnaire. The respondents consisted of rubber smallholders and large estate that undertake rubber replanting, as well as rubber wood suppliers who take rubber wood from rubber replanting. Respondents were selected purposively. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicated that the minimum rubber replanting area per annum was 917 hectare with the rubber wood potential resulted from such replanting was 73,360 m 3 per year. The observed marketing channels of rubber wood was planters-suppliers-wood processing factories / brick industries. The incomes of rubber wood supplier were influenced by rubber resin prices changes. The rubber prices declined by 40%, the supplier's incomes of rubber wood from large estates was also decreased by 59%, and the suppliers' incomes of rubber wood from smallholder decreased by 54%.
Addressing environmental problems in urban areas, the Law No. 26 of 2007 has mandated local governments to preserve Green Open Space (GOS) covering minimum 30% of its area. However, some local governments barely meet this obligation due to high price of lands and budget constraints. Meanwhile, an innovation in the form of vertical forest started to be applied in developed countries may be adopted to overcome the limited land constraint for developing GOS. This study was conducted to determine the opportunities for implementing vertical forest as an alternative solution for the constraints. In addition, it also aims to find out the possibility of its application for spatial planning policies so that it supports the national sustainable development goal. This study is an explorative research with qualitative method. The study concluded that vertical forest essentially is suitable to be implemented as an alternative solution to limited land for the GOS development. From the policy perspective, the development of vertical forest can encourage the competitiveness of the green city program. Therefore, the government need to design incentive policies for local governments and the private sectors to develop vertical forest. It is also necessary to adjust GOS developing regulation to become more accommodating so that vertical forest can be recognized as part of GOS.
REDD+ carbon market can be an incentive for implementation of REDD+ actors in the field. The facing problem is the high of market uncertainty due to the unavailability of carbon transaction mechanism. The commitment of local government, relatively high as indicated by the formulation of regulations that support the REDD+ implementation. Activity within REDD+ framework mainly is in order to maintain forest sustainability, revenue from carbon trading will be giving out additional benefit if carbon market occurred. Local government has not understood well on the carbon market procedure or its mechanism including carbon standard and methodology for producing carbon credit. Incentives for the achievement of emissions reductions are more likely based on their roles in the sustainable forest management/improvement community's welfare instead of carbon credit. However, at the local level there are some voluntary forest carbon payment initiatives. The amount of proportion should consider sharing investment costs, both between donors (buyers) and government. Registry agency need to be established in order to manage activities, oversee achievement of emission reduction, and facilitate the implementation of REDD+ in the field, and should have a task to set up a system of incentives and disincentives in the management leakage risk and non-permanence.
Mangrove forests have social, economic, and ecological functions to surrounding communities. Government policies in managing mangroves will affect its sustainability. Often, mangrove ecosystems become the main target to be converted for "non-forestry" development because they are mistakenly considered to have little or no benefits. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate and to inform total economic value of mangrove ecosystems, so that if the function is disrupted due to conversion, the amount of loss that will be known. This paper aims to calculate the total economic value of mangroves and its contribution to household income using economic valuation. Results showed that the benefits of mangrove ecosystems in Kutawaru, Pemogan, and Tuban villages consisting of direct benefits (fish, crabs, shrimps, and tourism), indirect benefits (wave breakers), and option use (biodiversity value). Potential total economic value of mangroves in Kutawaru, Pemogan, and Tuban villages are Rp54.1 millions/ ha/year, Rp17.4/millions/ha/year, and Rp26.6 millions/ha/year respectively. In all three sites, indirect use value contributes the highest to the total economic value, often this value is not taken into account when considering ecosystem benefits. The highest contribution of mangrove ecosystems to the total household income is in Kutawaru village with amount of Rp1.4 millions/month/household. In addition to the total economic value, community dependence on mangroves must be considered by the government in managing mangrove ecosystems. ABSTRAKHutan mangrove memiliki fungsi sosial, ekonomi, dan ekologis. Kebijakan pemerintah dalam pengelolaan mangrove akan mempengaruhi kelestariannya. Seringkali, ekosistem mangrove menjadi sasaran utama dalam konversi lahan untuk pembangunan non kehutanan karena dianggap secara awam tidak atau sedikit memiliki manfaat. Oleh karenanya, diperlukan penghitungan nilai ekonomi ekosistem mangrove sehingga dapat diketahui besarnya kerugian yang akan dialami apabila fungsinya terganggu akibat konversi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menghitung nilai ekonomi total mangrove dan kontribusinya terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga, menggunakan teknik valuasi ekonomi sumberdaya alam. Hasil kajian menunjukkan manfaat ekosistem mangrove di Kelurahan Kutawaru, Desa Pemogan, dan Kelurahan Tuban terdiri dari nilai guna langsung (hasil tangkapan ikan, hasil silvofishery: kepiting, udang, dan ikan, serta wisata), manfaat tidak langsung (mangrove sebagai pemecah ombak), dan manfaat pilihan (nilai keanekaragaman hayati). Potensi nilai ekonomi total mangrove di Kelurahan Kutawaru, Desa Pemogan, dan Kelurahan Tuban secara berturut-turut Rp54,1 juta/ha/tahun, Rp17,4 juta/ha/tahun, dan Rp26,6 juta/ha/tahun. Di ketiga lokasi, nilai guna tidak langsung berkontribusi tertinggi terhadap nilai ekonomi total, padahal nilai ini seringkali tidak diperhitungkan. Kontribusi pendapatan dari ekosistem mangrove terhadap total pendapatan rumah tangga tertinggi di Kelurahan Kutawaru sebesar Rp1,4 juta/bulan/KK. Selain nilai ekonomi total, keterg...
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