Background Blood serum and peritoneal fluid acute‐phase proteins, oxidative stress indicators, and some enzymes could be used for evaluation of abomasal tissue damage because of displacement in displaced abomasum (DA) cases. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of acute‐phase proteins, oxidative stress indicators, and activities of enzymes in blood serum and peritoneal fluid in cattle with right displaced abomasum (RDA) and left displaced abomasum (LDA) and in healthy cows. Animals A total of 60 Holstein Friesian cows in early lactation were used, 31 with left and 9 with right displaced abomasum without volvulus diagnosis and no other postpartum disease, and 20 healthy cows as a control. Materials and Methods DA diagnosis in dairy cows consisted of physical examination, laboratory, and specific DA tests. Acute‐phase proteins, oxidative stress indicators, and enzyme activities were measured in blood serum and peritoneal fluid. Results In the RDA group, serum haptoglobin (HPG), serum amyloid A (SAA), malondialdehyde (MDA), adenosine deaminase (ADA), myeleperoxidase (MPO), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK, creatine kinase–MB (CK‐MB), and gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity increased significantly, and serum HPG, MDA, ADA, and AST concentrations increased significantly in the LDA group (P < .05). Peritoneal fluid HPG, MDA, ADA, MPO, ALP, GGT, and LDH concentrations increased significantly, whereas NO concentrations reduced significantly in the RDA group, and HPG, MDA, ADA, and TP concentrations increased significantly, whereas concentrations of NO reduced significantly in the LDA group (P < .05). Conclusions and Clinical Importance There are acute‐phase responses, oxidative stress, and abomasal tissue damage because of displacement in DA cases. Especially, HPG, MDA, ADA, and MPO concentrations can provide specific information to help in understanding these changes.

The importance of blood and colostrum/milk serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT) enzyme activity was evaluated to assess passive transfer status in healthy lambs. Thirty Akkaraman sheep (3-6 years old) were used which had normal pregnancy period and the same conditions, and the age of the lambs ranged between 0 and 15 days. Blood and colostrum/milk samples were collected from sheep and lambs after birth, before suckling (0) and after on 1st, 3rd, 7th and 15th days. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration was determined by the use of Single Radial Immunodiffusion method. Serum gamma-GT activity was measured, using a commercially available kit in blood and colostrum/milk samples. Correlations were carried out between immunoglobulin and gamma-GT levels. Regression models (simple and multiple) were calculated with significant data. Linear correlation was determined between colostrum/milk gamma-GT activity and IgG concentrations and between serum gamma-GT activity and IgG concentrations in lambs on the 0 day. (r: 0.607, P: 0.001), 1st (r: 0.768, P: 0.001) and the 3rd (r: 0.603, P: 0.001) days and on the 1st (r: 0.637, P: 0.001) and 3rd (r: 0.478, P: 0.012) days in the experiment, respectively. Multivariate regression models were developed to estimate sample IgG concentration. Serum and colostrum/milk IgG concentration could be predicted using the formula: lamb serum IgG = 825 + 0.688 (lamb gamma-GT) + 52 (days); colostrum/milk IgG = 832 + 0.505 (colostrum/milk gamma-GT) - 167 (days). The regression models were moderately accurate in predicting serum IgG concentration (R2 = 0.51) and colostrum/milk IgG concentration (R2 = 0.55). Test sensitivity and positive predictive values for serum gamma-GT enzyme activity were found to be 96 and 100% and for colostrum/milk gamma-GT enzyme activity were found to be 100 and 68% to prediction IgG concentration. Serum and colostrum/milk gamma-GT activity can be used to assess passive transfer status of lambs. Along with this, regression models used to calculate serum and colostrum/milk gamma-GT activities found to be useful to estimate sample IgG concentration. The use of serum and colostrum/milk gamma-GT enzyme activity was found useful especially after birth on the 0, 1st and 3rd days.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a pregnant mare immunization of a Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) vaccine candidate containing a water-based nanoparticle mineral oil adjuvanted (Montanide IMS 3012) inactive bacterin and virulence-associated protein A (VapA), as well as the administration of anti-R. equi hyperimmune (HI) plasma against R. equi challenge in the mares' foals. The efficacy of passive immunizations (colostral passive immunity by mare vaccination and artificial passive immunity by HI plasma administration) was evaluated based on clinical signs, complete blood count, blood gas analysis, serological response (ELISA), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), total cell count of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) samples, reisolation rate of R. equi from BALF samples (CFU/mL), lung samples (CFU/gr), and lesion scores of the organs and tissue according to pathological findings after necropsy in the foals. The vaccination of pregnant mares and HI plasma administration in the foals reduced the severity of R. equi pneumonia and lesion scores of the organs and tissue by 3.54-fold compared to the control foals. This study thus indicates that immunization of pregnant mares with R. equi vaccine candidate and administration of HI plasma in mares' foals effectively protect foals against R. equi challenge.

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SUMMARYThis paper reports on a study of the aetiology of calf pneumonia and the clinical efficacy of florfenicol, a new antibiotic in Turkey. Twenty-seven weaned and unweaned calves (13 males and 14 females) between 1 and 16 months of age brought to the clinics of Selguk University, Faculty of Veterinary Science. Broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples were taken from the animals diagnosed to have upper respiratory tract infection associated with bronchitis (N=2), bronchitis (N=5), bronchopneumonia (N=4), pneumonia (N=3), pleuropneumonia (N=11), bronchopneumonia plus pulmonary oedema (N=2) based on the results of the clinical and laboratory examinations. Then microbiological isolation and antibiotic culturing were performed. The animals were treated with 1 m1/15 kg (20 mg/kg) florfenicol (Nuflor®, DIF) twice within 48 hours via intramuscular injection. At the end of the treatment, 23 of the weaned and unweaned calves were completely healed, 1 calf had died and 3 calves showed no healing. The results of BAL samples and microbiological examinations of the 3 calves that did not respond to the treatment indicated that these cases were affected by mixed infections of yeasts, fungi, and bacteria. Widespread pleuropneumonia was observed. According to the results of the microbiological examination of the BAL samples, Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica had the highest isolation rate (25%) compared with the other isolated bacteria, namely, Klebsiella pneumonia (20%), Actinomyces pyogenes (15%),fl-henwlytic streptococci. (10%), Staphylococcus spp. (5%), and E. coli (5%). The study also revealed fungi IPenicillum spp. (5%) and Aspergillus spp. (5%)I and two calves (10%) had a yeast infection.. We conclude that florfenicol has a high bacteriological and clinical efficacy (100% and 96% respectively) in the treatment of calf respiratory tract diseases.

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Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an important disease characterized by granulomatous changes in various organs including the ocular and central nervous system. FIP infection is referred as the best candidate for antiviral drug development studies due to the ineffectiveness of vaccines and being a cause of high mortality. The most important antiviral drugs developed against RNA viruses are nucleoside analogues such as GS-441524. In this study, GS-441524 was used in the treatment of three naturally infected cats with ocular lesions diagnosed with effusive FIP. The treatment of cats was planned as GS-441524 (5 mg / kg, SC, daily) administration for 12 weeks along with fluid therapy on the admission day. The treatment process included follow-ups with clinical and laboratory examinations on the admission 5 th , 15 th , 30 th , 60 th , 90 th and 120 th days. On the 5 th day, clinical signs including ocular abnormalities and on the 30 th day, laboratory findings were significantly improved in all 3 cats. While the cats were expected for monthly follow-ups, it was learned that the cats died on the 58 th , 60 th and 62 nd days. It was concluded that GS-441524 (5 mg/kg/day, SC) has been proven to be beneficial for improving clinical, laboratory findings and animal welfare. However, it was evaluated that clinical studies involving more cases are required in order to determine the clinical efficacy of nucleoside analogues and investigate the causes of deaths occurred on the 58 th , 60 th and 62 nd days of the treatment period with no symptoms that would grab the attention of the owners.

ÖzetBu olgu sunumunda, 5 yaşlı İngiliz Pointer ırkı bir köpekte Demodex canis kökenli atipik dermatitisin teşhisi ve tedavisi değerlendirildi. Klinik, laboratuvar, bakteriyolojik, parazitolojik ve histopatolojik muayeneler ışığında, deri kazıntısı ve deri biyopsisi örneklerinden Demodex canis, β-hemolitik Staphylococcus aureus ve Microsporum canis izole ve identifiye edilen bu olgu, atipik dermatitis olarak tanımlandı. Banyo uygulaması (ketokonazol ve benzoxyl peroxide şampuan, haftada 2 kez), ivermektin (0.6 mg/kg, SC, 3 gün ara ile, 4 ay), sefaperazonsulbaktam kombinasyonu (22 mg/kg, 10 gün), cefquinom (2 mg/kg, İM, 3.5 ay) ve ketokonazol (10 mg/kg, oral, 4 ay) ile dört ay boyunca tedavi edildi. Sonuç olarak, Demodex canis kökenli atipik dermatitis olgularında tedavi süresinin uzun tutulması gerektiği ve 3 günlük aralıklarla yapılan ivermektin tedavisinin başarılı olduğu ve herhangi bir komplikasyona neden olmadığı değerlendirildi. Anahtar sözcükler: Demodex canis, β-hemolitik Staphylococcus aureus, İvermektin, Dermatitis, Köpek Successful Treatment of Atypical Dermatitis Case Caused by Demodex canis in An English Pointer SummaryIn this case, the diagnosis and treatment of atypical dermatitis caused by Demodex canis was evaluated in a-5 year old English pointer. The disease defined as atypical dermatitis due to clinical, laboratory, bacteriological, parasitological and histopatological results. Demodex canis, β-hemolytic Staphylococcus aureus and Microsporum canis were isolated and identified on the skin scrapings, biopsy specimens and swab. The dog was treated for 4 months, given bath of ketoconazole and benzoyl peroxide shampoo, twice in a week, ivermectin 0.6 mg/ kg, SC, three days interval, cefaperazone-sulbactam (22 mg/kg, IM) daily for only 10 days and followed by cefquinom (2 mg/kg IM) daily for the rest of the treatment period of 3.5 months, and ketaconazole (10 mg/kg, PO, 4 months) daily. As a result, atypical dermatitis caused by Demodex canis should be treated for longer duration with no complications and with successful outcome at 3 days interval. Demodex canis sağlıklı köpeklerin kıl foliküllerinde ve yağ bezlerinde normal olarak bulunabilen bir ektoparazittir. Etkenler doğumdan sonra kısa süre içerisinde anneden yavrulara direk kontak yoluyla bulaşır 1-3 . Etkenlerin sayısı bağışıklık sistemi tarafından kontrol altında tutulur. İmmun sistem zayıfladığında, etkenler çoğalmaya ve hastalık oluş-turmaya başlarlar 4-6 . Keywords: Demodex canis, β-hemolytic Staphylococcus aureus, Ivermectin, Dermatitis, Dog İngiliz Pointer Irkı Bir Köpekte Demodex canisHastalık lokalize ve generalize veya genç ve yetişkin olmak üzere iki klinik formda görülür 7 . Lokalize formda vücudun altı farklı veya daha az bölgesinde lezyonlar vardır ve bu lezyonlar daha çok yüzde ve ön ayaklarda gözlenir 1,2 . Bu form daha çok 1 yaşın altındaki köpeklerde görülür 3 . Lokalize olguların yaklaşık olarak %90'ının, özellikle genç formun; 6-8 hafta içerisinde kendiliğinden iyileşebildiği bildirilmektedir. Generalize form daha ciddi bi...