The aim of this study is to determine the importance of B-mode ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hepatic lipidosis in dairy cows and compare this mode of diagnosis with both the histologic examination of liver biopsy samples and investigation of some biochemical parameters associated with hepatic lipidosis. 15 Holstein cows with moderate hepatic lipidosis and 15 cows with severe hepatic lipidosis and 6 healtyh cows were used as a metarilas. Blood samples were obtained from all cows and analyzed. Liver samples were obtained by biopsy in cattle. The ultrasonographic examination of liver was performed on animal. Serum glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) concentrations were increased in cows with moderate hepatic lipidosis. Serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), GDH, and AST concentrations were increased in cows with severe hepatic lipidosis. Ultrasonographic examination revealed an increase in diffuse echogenicity of the liver in cows with moderate and severe hepatic lipidosis cows, but the increase was little in moderate hepatic lipidosis. Both serum GDH and SDH levels were found to be increased in severe hepatic lipidosis. However, only the serum GDH level was elevated in moderate hepatic lipidosis. Therefore, both ultrasonographic examination and measurement of specific liver enzymes seem to be beneficial in the diagnosis of hepatic lipidosis.

ÖzetBu olgu sunumunda, 5 yaşlı İngiliz Pointer ırkı bir köpekte Demodex canis kökenli atipik dermatitisin teşhisi ve tedavisi değerlendirildi. Klinik, laboratuvar, bakteriyolojik, parazitolojik ve histopatolojik muayeneler ışığında, deri kazıntısı ve deri biyopsisi örneklerinden Demodex canis, β-hemolitik Staphylococcus aureus ve Microsporum canis izole ve identifiye edilen bu olgu, atipik dermatitis olarak tanımlandı. Banyo uygulaması (ketokonazol ve benzoxyl peroxide şampuan, haftada 2 kez), ivermektin (0.6 mg/kg, SC, 3 gün ara ile, 4 ay), sefaperazonsulbaktam kombinasyonu (22 mg/kg, 10 gün), cefquinom (2 mg/kg, İM, 3.5 ay) ve ketokonazol (10 mg/kg, oral, 4 ay) ile dört ay boyunca tedavi edildi. Sonuç olarak, Demodex canis kökenli atipik dermatitis olgularında tedavi süresinin uzun tutulması gerektiği ve 3 günlük aralıklarla yapılan ivermektin tedavisinin başarılı olduğu ve herhangi bir komplikasyona neden olmadığı değerlendirildi. Anahtar sözcükler: Demodex canis, β-hemolitik Staphylococcus aureus, İvermektin, Dermatitis, Köpek Successful Treatment of Atypical Dermatitis Case Caused by Demodex canis in An English Pointer SummaryIn this case, the diagnosis and treatment of atypical dermatitis caused by Demodex canis was evaluated in a-5 year old English pointer. The disease defined as atypical dermatitis due to clinical, laboratory, bacteriological, parasitological and histopatological results. Demodex canis, β-hemolytic Staphylococcus aureus and Microsporum canis were isolated and identified on the skin scrapings, biopsy specimens and swab. The dog was treated for 4 months, given bath of ketoconazole and benzoyl peroxide shampoo, twice in a week, ivermectin 0.6 mg/ kg, SC, three days interval, cefaperazone-sulbactam (22 mg/kg, IM) daily for only 10 days and followed by cefquinom (2 mg/kg IM) daily for the rest of the treatment period of 3.5 months, and ketaconazole (10 mg/kg, PO, 4 months) daily. As a result, atypical dermatitis caused by Demodex canis should be treated for longer duration with no complications and with successful outcome at 3 days interval. Demodex canis sağlıklı köpeklerin kıl foliküllerinde ve yağ bezlerinde normal olarak bulunabilen bir ektoparazittir. Etkenler doğumdan sonra kısa süre içerisinde anneden yavrulara direk kontak yoluyla bulaşır 1-3 . Etkenlerin sayısı bağışıklık sistemi tarafından kontrol altında tutulur. İmmun sistem zayıfladığında, etkenler çoğalmaya ve hastalık oluş-turmaya başlarlar 4-6 . Keywords: Demodex canis, β-hemolytic Staphylococcus aureus, Ivermectin, Dermatitis, Dog İngiliz Pointer Irkı Bir Köpekte Demodex canisHastalık lokalize ve generalize veya genç ve yetişkin olmak üzere iki klinik formda görülür 7 . Lokalize formda vücudun altı farklı veya daha az bölgesinde lezyonlar vardır ve bu lezyonlar daha çok yüzde ve ön ayaklarda gözlenir 1,2 . Bu form daha çok 1 yaşın altındaki köpeklerde görülür 3 . Lokalize olguların yaklaşık olarak %90'ının, özellikle genç formun; 6-8 hafta içerisinde kendiliğinden iyileşebildiği bildirilmektedir. Generalize form daha ciddi bi...

The first aim of this study is to determine the changes of cardiac biomarkers and coagulation profiles in parvoviral enteritis and present the importance of these parametres for prognosis of the disease. The second aim is to determine the presence of myocarditis in the enteritis form of the disease via cardiac biomarkers. Twenty seven dogs with parvoviral enteritis (experiment group) and 6 healthy dogs (control group) which were aged between 1.5 and 6 months, weighted between 5 -15 kg were used as a material of this study. Anorexia, fever, depression, lethargy, vomitting and haemorrhagic diarrhea were determined in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. Parvovirus infection in dogs were verified via feces parvovirus antigen test. Blood samples were collected from all dogs and electrocardiographies (ECG's) were performed. Standard treatment is applied for dogs with parvoviral enteritis. Twenty three of these dogs were treated successfully; however four of them died. Mild to intermediate acute myocarditis were determined in the histopathological examination of the dead dogs. Plasma protrombin (PT), actived parsiel tromboplastin time (aPTT), antitrombin III (AT-III), fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations and serum creatin kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and brain natriuretic peptid (BNP) concentrations were measured. Increase in levels of plasma PT (P<0.001) and aPTT (P<0.001), fibrinogen (P<0.001) and D-dimer (P<0.05), and decrease in level of III AT-III (P<0.05) were detected in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. Increased level of serum CK-MB (P<0.05) and BNP (P<0.001) were also determined. No important change detected in serum cTnI levels. As results, in dogs with parvoviral enterit there were increase in PT, APTT, fibrinogen and D-dimer levels, on the other hand there was a decrease on AT III level resulting in DIC. In addition to this an increase was observed on plasma serum CK-MB and BNP levels. Considering the increase on CK-MB and BNP levels a long with results of histopathological dead dogs, it should be taken into account that acute miocarditis also occures simultaneous with hemoragic parvoviral enterit. Keywords: Dog, Cardiac biomarkers, Parvoviral Enteritis, Coagulation profile Parvoviral Enteritli Köpeklerde Pıhtılaşma Profilleri ve Kalp Biyomarkır Düzeyleri ÖzetBu çalışmanın birinci amacı, köpeklerin parvoviral enteritinde kalp biyomarkırları ve pıhtılaşma profilindeki değişimleri belirlemek, hastalığın tanı ve prognozunda bu parametrelerin önemini ortaya koymaktır. İkinci amacı ise enterit formunda miyokart hasarı gelişip gelişmediğini kalp biyomarkırları ile belirlemektir. Bu çalışmanın materyalini yaşları 1.5 ile 6 ay, canlı ağırlıkları 5-15 kg arasında değişen 27 parvoviral enteritli (deney grubu) ve 6 sağlıklı köpek (kontrol grubu) oluşturdu. Parvoviral enteritli köpeklerde anoreksi, ateş, depresyon, latherji, kusma ve kanlı diyare belirlendi. Köpeklerin parvoviral enfeksiyonu dışkı parvovirus antijeni testi ile doğrulandı. Bütün köpeklerden kan örnekleri alındı ve kalp EKG traseleri ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the alterations in acute phase proteins, cytokines and hemostatic parameters in dogs with sepsis and to determine the importance of these parameters in diagnosis of the sepsis. Thirty dogs with sepsis and 9 healthy dogs were used in this study. Anorexia, depression, lethargy, hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, congestion in the mucosal membranes, prolonged capillary refill time, and leukocytosis or leucopenia were identified in the dogs with sepsis. The serum interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon γ (INF-γ), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), antithrombin III (AT III), fibrinogen, protein C (PC), and D-dimer levels were measured in all dogs. We found that the serum IL-1ß, TNF-α, INF-γ, CRP and SAA concentrations were significantly elevated in dogs with sepsis as compared with healthy controls. In addition, the plasma PT and APTT levels were notably prolonged, the plasma fibrinogen, D-dimers and protein C concentrations were significantly increased. However, the antithrombin III activity was significantly decreased in the dogs with sepsis. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the SAA, IL-1ß and TNF-α parameters play important roles in the inflammatory process in dogs with sepsis. The hemostatic abnormalities observed in dogs with sepsis may be due to the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Keywords:

This study aimed to determine the average value of some biochemical parameters of hair goats that are widely cultivated in Turkey.For this purpose, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), urea (BUN), creatine (Cr), albumin (Alb), total protein (TP) and total bilirubin (T.Bil) measurements were made in peripheral blood which are collected from 133 healthy female hair goats. As a result of this study, some serum biochemistry parameters of female hair goats were determined for the first time and, the values obtained from the study were measured via IBM SPSS Statistics 22 program. It was revealed that there were differences between them and other goat breeds. It was also observed that some values may change due to altitude differences. The data obtained as the result of this study is important in terms of providing resources for the studies to be performed on hair goats. Besides, for the first time, it has been shown that altitude has an effect on some blood parameters in hair goats and it should be considered in future studies.

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Urinary crystals and uroliths could harm cats by causing local or systemic symptoms that could vary from mild to severe. Regardless of the type of stone, the diagnostic methods are the same. However, in addition to detecting the stone alone, revealing the factors causing the formation of the stone is important in increasing the patient's quality of life and in guiding the treatment. In some of these cases, the underlying causes can be revealed, while in others, no cause can be found. Some recent studies have reported that unexplained urinary crystals and uroliths may be associated with many hormonal disorders, especially thyroid hormones. In order to reveal the cause of the struvite stone, hormonal analyses were performed on the patient in the light of current studies, and in the end, although the patient did not show any clinical symptoms, hyperthyroidism was detected in accordance with the studies. As a result, it was concluded that in patients with alkaline urine with sterile struvite crystals and uroliths, it would be beneficial to monitor some hormone levels, especially the thyroid, and to reveal the relationship between struvite and thyroid with more comprehensive studies to be done in the future.

This study aimed to detect changes in clinical parameters, biochemical and serum cytokine levels in calves with sepsis. In the study, 34 calves diagnosed with sepsis according to clinical and laboratory results and 7 calves deemed to be healthy according to clinical and laboratory results were used. The blood sample was taken from vena jugularis for determination of hematological, biochemical, and cytokine levels. Significant changes were observed in the clinical parameters of calves with sepsis. Serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and INF-γ were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in calves with sepsis compared to the control group. Also, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in serum BUN, creatinine, CK, and CK-MB levels and a significant decrease in TP level (p < 0.05) were determined in calves with sepsis compared to the control group.In conclusion, it was concluded that varying degrees of tissue/organ damage developed in calves with sepsis and cytokines played an important role in the development of inflammatory damage during sepsis.