The aim of this study was to determine the changes of the biomarkers used for the diagnosis of necrotising enterocolitis of human neonates in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Novel biomarkers including the intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP), the liver-type FABP (LFABP), trefoil factor-3 (TFF3), actin gamma 2 smooth muscle (ACTG2), and Claudin-3 were investigated using bovine specific ELISA kits. Thirty premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome (the RDS group), seven premature calves without RDS (the non-RDS group), and seven healthy calves (control) were included in the study. Blood samples from all the groups were taken at 0 and 48 h for the blood gas and biomarker measurement. It was determined that IFABP (P < 0.05), LFABP (P < 0.05), TFF3 (P < 0.05), ACTG2 (P < 0.05), and Claudin-3 (P < 0.05) in the control group were significantly higher than those in the RDS and non-RDS groups at 0 hour. The LFABP and Claudin-3 concentrations in the control group were statistically higher (P < 0.05) than those in the RDS and non-RDS groups at 48 h, whereas the ACTG2 and TFF3 contents were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the non-RDS group. A significant increase in the contents of IFABP (P ≤ 0.01), LFABP (P < 0.05), TFF3 (P < 0.05), ACTG2 (P < 0.05) at 48 h was detected in the RDS group only. In conclusion, the changes in the biomarkers support the suspicion of intestinal damage such as necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) after enteral feeding in premature calves with RDS. Intestinal damage biomarkers such as IFABP, LFABP, TFF3, and ACTG2 may be useful in the diagnosis of intestinal damage in premature calves. These results also indicate that the plasma concentrations of the intestinal biomarkers change in new born calves with their gestational age.
Canine parvoviral enteritis (PVE) is one of the most common diseases in young dogs. A range of diseases and inflammatory conditions can cause endothelial glycocalyx (eGCX) disruption, therefore, this study aimed to determine the presence of eGCX damage in dogs with PVE using serum biomarkers of eGCX, and to evaluate their prognostic importance among survivor and non-survivor dogs. Twenty dogs diagnosed with PVE and 10 healthy dogs of both sexes, mixed-breed, and under 6 months of age were included in the study. Clinical examination, blood gas analysis, and complete blood cell counts of the dogs were performed. To detect the eGCX injury, serum endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1), syndecan-1 (SDC-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), and heparan sulfate (HS) levels were measured. Results showed that at the time of admission serum levels of ESM-1 were higher in dogs with PVE compared to that of the healthy dogs. Dogs with PVE were further assigned into two groups: survivors (n:10) and non-survivors (n:10). The ESM-1 had high sensitivity and specificity to differentiate between survivor and non-survivor dogs with values of 100% and 67%, respectively, with at an optimum cutoff point of ≥460 pg/mL. We concluded that higher levels of ESM-1 in dogs with PVE may indicate eGCX injury when compared to healthy dogs. Also, the high levels of serum ESM-1 in non-survivor dogs suggest that serum ESM-1 may carry some prognostic usefulness for predicting mortality in dogs with PVE.
The case includes a 7-month-old puppy poodle applied to a private hospital for weakness, tremors and seizure attacks. Clinical examination findings were normal. From blood samples, biochemical parameter measurements were carried out. The values of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), ammonia and fasting serum bile acids were high and the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) value was low. Ultrasonographic examination, shunted vein in the liver to the vena cava caudalis, that is, colour Doppler observed the extrahepatic shunt and turbulent flow in this shunted. Depending on clinical, laboratory (hemogram and biochemistry) and ultrasonographic observations, portosystemic shunt (PSS) was diagnosed and controlled one month after the treatment was recommended. The medical treatment included a hepatic formula diet (liver care), lactulose 0.5 ml/kg three times a day, metronidazole 15 mg/kg twice a day, S-adenosyl Methionine 15 mg/kg once a day, 400 international unite (IU) vitamin E once a day for 30 days. When turbulent flow is observed in the shunted vein in the liver to vena cava caudalis, ultrasound examination with color Doppler can help diagnose portosystemic shunt. After the treatment, clinical improvement was observed and clinical symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy including seizures and tremors, disappeared completely. Determination of turbulent flow with colour Doppler and decreased portal flow velocity with portal hypertension with PW-Doppler ultrasonography are important for the diagnosis of the portosystemic shunt. It was concluded that medical treatments might help before surgical treatments in portosystemic shunts.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the intestinal and cardiac biomarkers in the determination of intestinal and cardiac damage in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. The material of this study consisted of 10 healthy dogs (control group) and 30 dogs with parvoviral enteritis (experimental group) admitted to the
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