The changes in biomarkers for necrotising enterocolitis in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the changes of the biomarkers used for the diagnosis of necrotising enterocolitis of human neonates in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Novel biomarkers including the intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP), the liver-type FABP (LFABP), trefoil factor-3 (TFF3), actin gamma 2 smooth muscle (ACTG2), and Claudin-3 were investigated using bovine specific ELISA kits. Thirty premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome (the RDS group), seven premature calves without RDS (the non-RDS group), and seven healthy calves (control) were included in the study. Blood samples from all the groups were taken at 0 and 48 h for the blood gas and biomarker measurement. It was determined that IFABP (P < 0.05), LFABP (P < 0.05), TFF3 (P < 0.05), ACTG2 (P < 0.05), and Claudin-3 (P < 0.05) in the control group were significantly higher than those in the RDS and non-RDS groups at 0 hour. The LFABP and Claudin-3 concentrations in the control group were statistically higher (P < 0.05) than those in the RDS and non-RDS groups at 48 h, whereas the ACTG2 and TFF3 contents were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the non-RDS group. A significant increase in the contents of IFABP (P ≤ 0.01), LFABP (P < 0.05), TFF3 (P < 0.05), ACTG2 (P < 0.05) at 48 h was detected in the RDS group only. In conclusion, the changes in the biomarkers support the suspicion of intestinal damage such as necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) after enteral feeding in premature calves with RDS. Intestinal damage biomarkers such as IFABP, LFABP, TFF3, and ACTG2 may be useful in the diagnosis of intestinal damage in premature calves. These results also indicate that the plasma concentrations of the intestinal biomarkers change in new born calves with their gestational age.

Investigation of gastrointestinal injury‐related biomarkers in dairy cattle with displaced abomasum

“…In the same study, TFF‐3 expression from intestinal goblet cells started during the repair phase and its concentrations gradually increased (Xian et al., 1999). In addition, TFF‐3 concentrations were found to be useful and reliable for determining intestinal epithelial damage in bovine studies (Ok et al., 2020; Yildiz et al., 2018; Yildiz et al., 2019). In the present study, the serum TFF‐3 concentration of the RDA group was found to be lower than that of the other groups, and a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 54.2% showed poor diagnostic discriminatory performance between healthy cattle and cattle with DA.…”

“…Haematological biomarkers reflecting metabolic and stress status, tissue damage and inflammatory conditions are useful diagnostic indicators of abdominal disease in dairy cattle (de Cardoso et al., 2008; Guo et al., 2020; Maden et al., 2012; Song et al., 2020). Recently, there has been an increased interest in intestinal‐related biomarkers such as fatty acid binding proteins (FABP), trefoil factor‐3 (TFF‐3), claudin‐3, gamma‐enteric smooth muscle actin (ACTG‐2), leptin, interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and platelet activating factor (PAF) for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in preterm infants (Ng et al., 2013), human autopsy samples (Pelsers et al., 2003), premature calves (Yildiz et al., 2019) and calves with atresia coli (Yildiz et al., 2018). These proteins are essential components of the gastrointestinal mucosa and the intestinal barrier.…”

“…(IL-8) and platelet activating factor (PAF) for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in preterm infants (Ng et al, 2013), human autopsy samples (Pelsers et al, 2003), premature calves (Yildiz et al, 2019) and calves with atresia coli (Yildiz et al, 2018). These proteins are essential components of the gastrointestinal mucosa and the intestinal barrier.…”

Oxidative Stress and Acute-Phase Response Status During Treatment in Premature Calves with Respiratory Distress Syndrome

“…A s a widespread complication in the world and Turkey, premature calf birth is among the leading causes of mortality (Guzelbektes et al, 2012;Aydogdu et al, 2016;Yildiz and Ok, 2017;Yildiz et al, 2019;Ok et al, 2020). The majority of perinatal calf deaths are related to premature birth which causes failing to complete organ development (Meyer et al, 2001;Johanson and Berger, 2003).…”

“…The majority of perinatal calf deaths are related to premature birth which causes failing to complete organ development (Meyer et al, 2001;Johanson and Berger, 2003). Premature calves are born without completing the ordinary developmental process, thus they may have substantial problems in circulation, nervous system, metabolism, and especially respiration (Yildiz and Ok, 2017;Yildiz et al, 2019;Ok et al, 2020). The most critical problem in these cases is respiratory distress syndrome, which is caused by the insufficient development of the lungs in the absence of surfactant.…”