ResumoCaracterizou-se iogurte adicionado com polpa de cajuí em concentrações de 5%; 10%; 15%; 20% (m/g). Determinações de acidez, pH, proteína, massa seca, firmeza, consistência, coesividade e quantificação de bactérias láticas foram conduzidas nos tempos 0, 10, 20 e 30 dias. Identificação de compostos voláteis e testes sensoriais de preferência, aceitação e intenção de consumo foram realizados no primeiro dia de vida útil. Foi preferida a formulação com menor proporção de polpa (5%), a qual coincide com menor acidez. Não houve efeito significativo (P>0,05) da quantidade de polpa adicionada e do tempo de armazenamento sobre massa seca, contagem de bactérias láticas, firmeza, consistência e coesividade. Acidez e pH foram significativamente influenciados (P<0,05) tanto pela quantidade de polpa adicionada quanto pelo tempo de armazenamento. Teores de proteínas foram significativamente menores (P<0,05) quanto maiores as quantidades de polpa adicionada. Além de compostos de aroma de ocorrência natural no iogurte foram identificados voláteis de ocorrência em Anacardium (butanoato de etila, butanoato de metila, etanol, hexanal, benzaldeído e 3-metil butanoato de metila). Há potencial tecnológico na produção de iogurtes com cajuí com adição de polpa em proporção de 5% ao volume total de iogurte produzido. Palavras-chave: Frutas, cerrado, leite fermentado AbstractYogurt added with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of cajuí pulp (Anacardium othonianum Rizz) were characterized. Acidity, pH, protein, dry matter, firmness, consistency, cohesiveness and quantification of lactic acid bacteria were conducted at 0, 10, 20 and 30 days. Identification of volatiles compounds and sensory tests of preference, acceptance and consumption intention were performed on the first day of shelf-life. Preferred formulations are those that contain smaller proportions of pulp (5%) which coincide with lower acidity. There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of the amount of pulp added and storage time on dry matter, lactic acid bacteria count, firmness, consistency and cohesiveness. Acidity and pH were significantly influenced (P <0.05) by the amount of pulp added and storage time. Protein levels were significantly lower (P <0.05) with the increase in the quantity of pulp added. Volatiles compounds in cajuí yogurt include ethyl butanoate, methyl butanoate, ethanol, hexanal, benzaldehyde and 3-methyl butanoate. There are technological potential in the production of yoghurt with cajuí with addition of 5% in proportion to the total volume of yogurt produced.

The aim of this study was to evaluate crude protein (CP) levels for European quails from one to 14, 14 to 28 and 28 to 42 days old. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized experimental design, with five treatments and five replications. No significant effects of CP levels on weight gain and feed conversion from 1 to 14 days were observed, however quails fed 26% CP diets had lower feed intake. The CP levels from 14 to 28 days had significant effect on feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion. Maximum weight gain and minimum feed conversion were estimated for quails fed 24% CP. The CP levels had a significant effect on the traits studied in the final phase, highest weight gain and lowest feed conversion were estimated for quails fed 23% CP. No significant effects of CP levels on hot and cold carcass weights, breast weight, and thigh and drumstick weight were observed. The crude protein requirements for European quails from 1 to 14, 14 to 28 days and 28 to 42 days old are 26, 24 and 23%, respectively, if the requirements of the first limiting amino acids are met. Keywords: Amino acids, carcass yield, Coturnix coturnix, performance. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar níveis de proteína bruta (PB) para codornas europeias de um a 14, 14 a 28 e 28 a 42 dias de idade. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os níveis de PB não influenciaram o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar das codornas de 1 a 14 dias de idade. Porém, a dieta contendo 26% PB resultou em menor consumo da dieta. Os níveis de PB utilizados no período de 14 aos 28 dias influenciaram o consumo da dieta, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar, sendo o melhor ganho de peso e conversão alimentar estimados com dietas contendo 24% PB. Houve efeito significativo dos níveis de PB estudados, sobre o ganho de peso e conversão alimentar no período final, com máximos desempenhos estimados para codornas alimentadas com dieta com 23% PB. Não houve efeito dos níveis de PB sobre o peso da carcaça quente e peso da carcaça resfriada, peso do peito e da coxa mais sobrecoxa. As exigências de PB estimadas para codornas europeias são 26, 24 e 23% para as fases de 1 a 14 dias, 2 Cienc. anim. bras., Goiânia, v.18, 1-12, e-28085, 2017Crude protein in diets of european quails 14 a 28 dias e 28 a 42 dias de idade, respectivamente, se forem atendidas as exigências dos primeiros aminoácidos limitantes. Palavras-chave: Aminoácidos, Coturnix coturnix, desempenho, rendimento de carcaça.

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Milk is rich in nutrients, but several factors in the production system interfere with its quality. The objective of this study was to analyze the composition and microbiological quality of raw milk stored in community tanks from the municipality of Aricanduva – Minas Gerais. Samples were collected from eight community tanks at different properties. The milk composition and temperature were analyzed using the digital milk analyzer. The total count of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms was performed at the Laboratory of Science and Technology of Products of Animal Origin, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina – Minas Gerais. The data obtained were compared to the values established by Normative Instruction (IN) n° 76, by means of Student's t-test and Wilcoxon's non-parametric test at the level of 5% of significance. The average levels of fat (3.55 g/100g), protein (3.00 g/100g), lactose (4.45 g/100g) and total solids (11.76 g/100g) were within the standards minimum required. The content of defatted solids (8.21 g/100g) was the limiting factor to the compliance with IN76, with an average value lower than that established (8.40 g/100g). The temperature of the milk was higher than the standard required by the legislation and the count of mesophilic microorganisms did not differ from the legislation. It is concluded that the composition of raw milk stored in community tanks in the municipality of Aricanduva – Minas Gerais, compared to IN 76, did not fully met the legislation in all evaluated parameters.

Our objectives were to assess quality parameters and chemical composition, and to evaluate the effects of sex, muscle and aging time on the quality of meats from Wagyu × Angus cross cattle reared under tropical conditions. Analyses were performed on the longissimus thoracis, semitendinosus and triceps brachii muscles obtained from chilled carcasses of a total of 30, 24-month-old, male (immunocastrated) and female animals (15 each sex). An effect of sex (P ≤ 0.05) was observed for subcutaneous fat thickness, marbling score, and ribeye area. The longissimus thoracis muscle from males was less (P < 0.0001) marbled than that from females, but males had greater subcutaneous fat thickness (P = 0.0001) and greater ribeye area (P = 0.0411) compared with females. No effect of sex (P ≥ 0.05) was observed for fat colour measures. An interaction effect of sex and muscle (P < 0.03) was detected for cooking loss, yellow intensity (b*), ash, and fat. Main effect of sex was not observed (P > 0.07) only for the ultimate pH and water-holding capacity. Greater shear force and moisture values were observed (P < 0.01) in meat from males than that from females, but a greater value of luminance (L*), red intensity (a*), chroma (C), hue (Ho), dry matter and protein was observed (P < 0.001) in meat from females than that from males. Main effect of muscle was not observed only for water-holding capacity (P = 0.13). Ultimate pH and shear force values were lesser (P < 0.001) in the longissimus thoracis muscle compared with other muscles. The triceps brachii muscle had the least (P ≤ 0.001) L* and Ho values among muscles, whereas the semitendinosus muscle had the greatest values of a* and C (P < 0.001). The semitendinosus muscle presented the greatest (P < 0.01) protein content compared with other muscles, although not differing in moisture and dry matter content from the triceps brachii muscle. An interaction effect of sex × aging time was observed for ultimate pH (P = 0.0110), meat colour parameters (except for Ho; P ≤ 0.01), and fat L* (P = 0.0025). Greater cooking loss, shear force, and fat a* values were observed (P < 0.01) in meat from males than that from females, but greater values of meat Ho, fat a* and Ho, dry matter, and protein were observed (P ≤ 0.03) in meat from females than that from males. Meat aging of longissimus thoracis reduced shear force. Based on these findings, we recommend that meat from Wagyu × Angus cross cattle should be aged during 7 days because, although differences between 7 and 14 days were observed in either aging times, meat subjected to this process is considered as very tender, based on shear force values. In addition, aging in a shorter period of time can reflect on costs by reducing particularly those related with energy, due to less refrigeration time.

This paper aimed to evaluate the influence of management practices of marandu grass, at eucalyptus shading levels in a forest grazing system, on organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) stocks, and on soil chemical characteristics in the Brazilian Cerrado. The experimental design adopted was entirely random with five repetitions. In the plots were allocated the environments with different light availability, and a treatment with marandu grass in full sun. The management of marandu grass pasture was distributed in the subplots with pre-pasture at 30, 40, 50, and 60 cm high. Evaluations were repeated in two crop cycles in year 1 and year 2. Soil chemical characteristics, OC and N stocks were analyzed. The management of marandu grass at 50 cm height in the forest grazing system provided higher levels of OC, N, organic matter in the soil and an increase in fertility, compared to monoculture pasture, with repercussions in two years. The integration of eucalyptus and marandu grass pasture contributes with greater stocks of OC and N in the soil strips closest to the tree row, due to greater nutrient cycling. Marandu grass in forest grazing systems with shading varying from 40 to 60% present greater efficiency and maintenance of soil chemical attributes, demonstrating greater sustainability compared to monoculture pastures.

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