Fully contained within the Atlantic Forest Biome, the state of Rio de Janeiro represents one of the greatest areas of diversity of vegetation physiognomy, habitats and plant species, including endemics. The flora of Rio de Janeiro state is recognized as one of the richest in the country and the state as an important center of endemism. These features have encouraged diferent botanical studies, highligthing Vellozo, Cysneiros, Glaziou, Gardner, among others, as precursor naturalists in exploration native forests. It is presented physiographic features of the state and brief retrospective of the Flora of Rio de Janeiro state project, which began in 2001, and consolidated in 2007 with a checklist prepared and made available online, and in 2011, with the implantation of the Catálogo de espécies de plantas vasculares e briófitas da flora do estado do Rio de Janeiro, with the participation of over 150 participants working online. Currently 334 families, 1,821 genera and, 8,203 species, subspecies and varieties have been recorded to the state, 1,740 of which are endemic. We highlight the vegetation formations, municipalities, conservation unities, and families of angiosperms, bryophytes, ferns and lycophytes families most diverse, as well as comments about monographic treatments already published. This special volume of Rodriguésia dedicated to the flora of Rio de Janeiro state presentes 19 families with 76 species of Angiosperms -Aizoaceae, Alismataceae, Asparagaceae, Ceratophyllaceae, Cabombaceae, Haloragaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Hydroleaceae, Juncaginaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Mayacaceae, Menyanthaceae, Molluginaceae, Myristicaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Pontederiaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Rhizophoraceae e Typhaceae. Key words: Angiosperms, Bryophytes, endemic, Gymnosperms, Lycophytes, Ferns. ResumoO estado do Rio de Janeiro, inserido no Bioma Mata Atlântica, representa uma área com alta diversidade de paisagens vegetacionais, habitats e espécies de plantas, incluindo várias endêmicas. A flora do estado do Rio de Janeiro é reconhecidamente uma das mais ricas do país e o estado apontado como um importante centro de endemismo. Tais características têm incentivado os mais diferentes estudos botânicos, destacando Vellozo, Cysneiros, Glaziou, Gardner, entre outros, como naturalistas precursores na exploração das florestas nativas. Apresentam-se, de modo geral, aspectos fisiográficos do estado e uma breve retrospectiva do projeto Flora do estado do Rio de Janeiro, iniciado em 2001, que culminou, em 2007, com a elaboração online do checklist da flora do estado, e em 2011, com a implantação do Catálogo de espécies de plantas vasculares e briófitas da flora do estado do Rio de Janeiro, no qual mais de 150 colaboradores trabalharam online. Essas iniciativas revelam números bem expressivos da diversidade da flora fluminense e a necessidade de se prosseguir nos estudos taxonômicos dos grupos botânicos que compõem a flora. Atualmente, são registradas para o estado do Rio de Janeiro 334 famílias, 1.821 gêneros e 8.203 espécies, subesp...
The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.
O conjunto de coleções biológicas sob a guarda do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ) vai além das exsicatas do herbário e plantas vivas do arboreto, e inclui também coleções em estufas, xiloteca, carpoteca, bancos de sementes e de DNA, cultura de fungos e coleção etnobotânica. Juntas estas diferentes coleções contabilizam cerca de 665 mil espécimes, que contribuem para ampliar o conhecimento da flora neotropical. A partir do final do século XX e início do século XXI, com a mudança de paradigma envolvendo a conservação e o uso racional da biodiversidade do planeta, as coleções biológicas e seus dados associados saíram de uma posição marginal para ocupar uma posição central na discussão que quantifica, qualifica, mapeia e estuda o potencial de uso da biodiversidade. Neste novo cenário, os jardins botânicos e suas coleções estão completamente inseridos nas tarefas relacionadas a atingir as metas da biodiversidade delineadas pela CDB/GSPC. Neste artigo descrevemos quais metas envolvem diretamente as coleções do JBRJ e analisamos tanto a participação como as limitações dos nossos acervos para apoiar o país no cumprimento das metas da GSPC 2020.
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