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RESUMO -(Morfologia de sementes e do desenvolvimento pós-seminal de espécies de Bromeliaceae). O estudo teve como objetivos caracterizar as sementes, fornecendo informações sobre o tipo e o tempo médio de germinação e de formação de plântulas, além de descrever a morfologia do desenvolvimento pós-seminal de seis espécies de Bromeliaceae. Os resultados mostram germinação do tipo epígea e plântulas criptocotiledonares para todas as espécies. As porcentagens máximas de germinação obtidas, acima de 80%, indicam alta qualidade fisiológica das sementes. O tempo médio de germinação e de formação de plântulas foi de 4-15 e 8-18 dias, respectivamente. As sementes são filiformes a elípticas, lisas ou com apêndices plumosos. Os caracteres morfológicos mais relevantes para a diferenciação entre gêneros e subfamílias de Bromeliaceae referem-se à forma e ao tipo de apêndices das sementes, e na forma e tamanho da bainha cotiledonar, hipocótilo e raiz primária das plântulas, subsidiando estudos taxonômicos, ecológicos e na área de tecnologia de sementes. Palavras-chave:Bromelioideae, germinação, morfologia, Pitcairnioideae, Tillandsioideae ABSTRACT -(Seed and post-seminal development morphology on Bromeliaceae species). The aim of this study was to characterize the seeds, providing information about germination type and seedling rate, in addition to describe the post-seminal development morphology of the six species of Bromeliaceae. The results showed that the germination is epigeal with cryptocotylar seedlings. Maximum germination percentage was over 80%, for all species, indicating high physiological quality of the seeds. Germination and seedling rate was 4-15 and 8-18 days, respectively. Seeds are filiform to elliptical, smooth or with flight apparatus. The most relevant morphological characters for distinguishing among genera and subfamilies are shape and appendices of the seeds, form and size of the cotyledonal sheath, hypocotyl and primary root, providing information on taxonomic, ecological and seed technology studies.

RESUMO -O presente trabalho teve como objetivos definir o tipo de substrato e a temperatura mais adequados à germinação de sementes de jenipapo (Genipa americana L.), conhecer a morfologia das sementes e seu desenvolvimento pós-seminal, caracterizando as plântulas normais, o tipo de germinação e os padrões de anormalidade. Para tanto, realizou-se um experimento colocando-se as sementes sobre os seguintes substratos: papel, vermiculita e solo, nas temperaturas constantes de 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, e 35°C e alternada de 20°C-30°C. O delineamento estatístico empregado foi o inteiramente casualizado (5 x 3), com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. Foram analisados os parâmetros germinação normal (%) e velocidade de germinação. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos nas temperaturas constantes de 25°C, 30°C e 35°C, e nos substratos vermiculita e solo.Termos para indexação: plântula, Genipa americana. TEMPERATURE, SUBSTRATE AND POST-SEMINAL DEVELOPMENTABSTRACT -This study aimed to define the best substrate and temperature for germination of genipap (Genipa americana L. -Rubiaceae) seeds, and to describe the morphology of its seeds, postseminal development, normal and abnormal seedlings. The experiment was designed according to a 5 x 3 factorial with constant temperatures of 20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C and alternated 20°C-30°C in filter paper, vermiculite and soil substrates. The following parameters were analyzed: normal percentage germination and speed of germination. The 25°C, 30°C and 35°C temperatures and vermiculite and soil substrates were the best conditions for seed germination.

Epiphytes are hyper‐diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non‐vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer‐reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non‐vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non‐vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events.

The morphology of Genipa americana seeds and post-seminal development was studied, and its germination response investigated in relation to storage in water, substrate water volume, osmotic potential and temperature and light regimes. The seeds are flattened and seedlings are phaneroepigeal with leafy cotyledons. Seeds stored in water kept viable for up to 6 mo, but germination and seedling emergence were reduced after 4 mo. Germination was not affected under water-logged conditions, but seedling emergence was reduced at the water volume corresponding to a water column two times deeper than the seeds' mean thickness (70 ml). When seeds were osmotically stressed, a reduction in the rate and germination percentage occurred at −0.2 MPa and germination was drastically inhibited at −0.6 MPa. Seeds germinated in a wide range of temperatures (15–40 °C), with optimum at continuous temperatures of 25 and 30 °C. Light was not required for germination, and no dormancy mechanisms were observed. The seed and seedling morphology and the germinative responses of the species may permit its regeneration in periodically flooded lowland forests and riparian habitats and are probably key factors in explaining the species' wide distribution.

-(Flooding effects in seedlings of Cytharexyllum myrianthum Cham. and Genipa americana L.: responses of two neotropical lowland tree species). Six-month-old seedlings of Cytharexyllum myrianthum and Genipa americana, two common tree species in different flood-prone areas in Brazil, were flooded for up to 90 days to compare their survival and growth responses under these conditions. Seedlings of both species were found to be relatively tolerant to flooding but growth responses changed according to treatment and plant species. Growth of G. americana was reduced by flooding, showing a decrease in root and leaf dry mass, root/shoot ratio and height, without showing any adaptive morphological changes. On the other hand, growth of C. myrianthum seedlings was stimulated under flooding conditions, showing an increase in root dry mass, root/shoot ratio, height, stem diameter and some morphological changes in roots and stems, i.e., development of new roots and stem base hypertrophy. These results could be regarded as an experimental corroboration of the field observations, showing that these species could be indicated for restoration programs of some Neotropical wetlands. RESUMO -(Efeito do alagamento em plântulas de Cytharexyllum myrianthumCham. e Genipa americana L.: respostas de duas espécies arbóreas de planícies neotropicais). Plântulas com seis meses de idade de Cytharexyllum myrianthum e Genipa americana, duas espécies comuns em áreas sujeitas a inundações em diferentes regiões do Brasil, foram submetidas à inundação do solo durante 90 dias visando conhecer suas respostas em relação à sobrevivência e ao crescimento de plântulas. As duas espécies mostraram-se relativamente tolerantes à inundação, embora as respostas de crescimento variem em função do tratamento e da espécie. O alagamento do solo reduziu o crescimento de plântulas de G. americana, diminuindo a massa seca foliar e do sistema radicular, a relação raiz/parte aérea e a altura da planta, não apresentando qualquer alteração morfológica. Por outro lado, o crescimento de plântulas de C. myrianthum foi estimulado sob condição de inundação, apresentando um aumento na massa seca, na relação raiz/parte aérea, na altura, no diâmetro do caule e algumas alterações morfológicas do caule, como a hipertrofia do colo da planta. Estes resultados vêm confirmar observações de campo indicando que ambas as espécies poderiam ser indicadas para programas de revegetação de áreas neotropicais sujeitas a inundações.

-(Germination behaviour of epiphyte and rupicolous Bromeliaceae species from Ibitipoca State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil). The germination behaviour of four Bromeliaceae species [Alcantarea imperialis (Carrière) Harms, Pitcairnia fl ammea Lindl., Vriesea heterostachys (Baker) L. B. Sm. and Vriesea pendulifl ora L. B. Sm.] from Ibitipoca State Park with contrasting habitat preferences, and representing two different plant growth forms were investigated. The aims of this study were: a) to characterize the seeds, providing information about germination type to describe the post-seminal development morphology; b) to evaluate percentage and rate of germination response to the effect of constant (from 10 °C to 40 °C) and fl uctuating (20 °C-30 °C) temperatures; c) the ratio of red:far-red light (R:FR) and d) to different water potentials. The results showed that all species have very light seeds, ranging from 0.2 to 1.7 mg; the germination is epigeal with cryptocotylar seedlings. All species presented high germination under temperatures between 20 °C and 30 °C. Under darkness germination was successful only for Vriesea species, but seeds of all species required light for maximum germination. The R:FR value that resulted in 50% of maximum germination varied among species. Water stressed conditions reduced the percentage and rate of germination in all bromeliad species. A. imperialis and P. fl ammea were less sensitive to low water potentials. These contrasting germination requirements among the species studied were related to their habitat preferences.Key words -red:far-red ratio, rupestrian fi elds, seedling morphology, temperature, water potential RESUMO -(Comportamento germinativo de espécies epífi tas e rupícolas de Bromeliaceae do Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Minas Gerais, Brasil). Estudou-se o comportamento germinativo de quatro espécies de Bromeliaceae [Alcantarea imperialis (Carrière) Harms, Pitcairnia fl ammea Lindl., Vriesea heterostachys (Baker) L. B. Sm. e Vriesea pendulifl ora L. B. Sm.], oriundas do Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca -MG, com preferências contrastantes de habitat e representando duas formas de vida diferentes. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: a) caracterizar as sementes quanto ao tipo de germinação e descrever a morfologia do desenvolvimento pós-seminal; b) avaliar o efeito das temperaturas constantes (10 °C a 40 °C) e alternada (20-30 °C); c) da razão vermelho:vermelho-extremo (V:VE) e d) dos diferentes potenciais de água na porcentagem e na velocidade de germinação das sementes. Os resultados demonstraram que todas as espécies produzem sementes pequenas e muito leves, variando de 0,2 a 1,7 mg; a germinação é epígea com plântulas criptocotiledonares e apresentaram valores ótimos de temperatura entre 20 °C e 30 °C. Vriesea heterostachys e V. pendulifl ora foram as únicas que germinaram com sucesso no escuro, mas as sementes das quatro espécies requerem luz para a máxima germinação. Os valores de V:VE que resultaram em 50% da máxima germinação variaram entre as espécies. As condiç...

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi definir o tipo de substrato e a temperatura mais adequada à germinação de sementes de Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Fr. All. Ex Benth (jacarandá-da-bahia), e conhecer a morfologia de seu desenvolvimento pós-seminal e caracterizar as plântulas normais, o tipo de germinação e os padrões de anormalidade. As sementes foram semeadas nos substratos sobre papel, rolo de papel e sobre vermiculita, nas temperaturas constantes de 20, 25, 30 e 35°C e alternadas de 20-30°C e 20-35°C. O delineamento estatístico empregado foi o inteiramente casualizado (6x3), com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: porcentagem de germinação normal (plântulas normais) e velocidade de emergência de plântulas. Os melhores resultados foram verificados nas temperaturas de 25°C e 20-30°C, nos substratos sobre vermiculita e rolo de papel. Plântulas normais foram caracterizadas como faneroepígeas em relação ao tipo de germinação.Termos para indexação: morfologia da plântula, sementes florestais nativas, jacarandá-da-bahia. Germination substrate, temperature and post-seminal development of Dalbergia nigra seedsAbstract -The objective of this work was to define the germination substrate of Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Fr. All. Ex Benth (jacarandá-da-bahia), to evaluate the most appropriate temperature for its seeds germination, and to study its post-seminal morphology, showing normal and abnormal seedlings patterns. Seeds were sowed on filter paper, towel paper and vermiculite, using the constant temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C as well as alternate temperatures of 20-30°C and 20-35°C. The statistical design was completely randomized (6x3) with 50 seeds sowed in four replications in which the following parameters were analyzed: normal germination (normal seedlings) percentage and speed emergence index. The best results were obtained for temperatures of 25°C and 20-30°C in vermiculite and towel paper substrates. Normal seedlings were classified as faneroepigeal germination type.