A taxonomic revision of the genus Guatteria, including the former genera Guatteriella, Guatteriopsis and Heteropetalum is given. Within the genus Guatteria 177 species are recognized, 25 of which are new. Included are chapters on the history of the taxonomy of the genus, morphology, wood anatomy, karyology, palynology, chemistry, flower biology and pollination, dispersal, distribution and ecology, phylogeny and molecular studies, conservation, and uses. A synoptical key to all species is included, as well as two dichotomous keys, one for the species of Central America and Mexico, and one for the species of NE, E and SE Brazil. The species treatments include descriptions, full synonymy, geographical and ecological notes, vernacular names and taxonomic notes. For all species distribution maps are made. A complete identification list with all exsiccatae studied, an index to vernacular names and an index of scientific names is included at the end.

Annonaceae form the most diverse family within the Magnoliales. In 1990 an Index to generic names of Annonaceae was published and in 1994 an Index to Neotropical species of Annonaceae was compiled. Especially the latter proved an immensely useful tool for Neotropical botanists. Here, we present an updated Index of all valid names in Neotropical Annonaceae on the genus and species level. It also includes nomina nuda and orthographic variants. Reference and year of first publication, synonymy, and typification are mentioned. Several new combinations are made. In addition, some lectotypifications are proposed. A supplementary list is added of all Neotropical type collections.

Guatteria Ruiz et Pav. é o maior gênero de Annonaceae, com 307 espécies de distribuição neotropical. Caracteres reprodutivos constantes e vegetativos variáveis dificultam a caracterização das espécies. Como resultado do presente estudo são reconhecidas 15 espécies do gênero na Floresta Atlântica, Guatteria australis, G. campestris, G. candolleana, G. emarginata, G. ferruginea, G. latifolia, G. macropus, G. oligocarpa, G. pogonopus, G. pohliana, G. sellowiana, G. schomburgkiana, G. stenocarpa, G. tomentosa e G. villosissima. Oito nomes são sinonimizados e dois lectótipos são indicados. Chave, descrições, comentários taxonômicos, informações sobre fenologia, distribuição geográfica, hábitats de ocorrência, status de conservação e ilustrações são apresentados.

Fully contained within the Atlantic Forest Biome, the state of Rio de Janeiro represents one of the greatest areas of diversity of vegetation physiognomy, habitats and plant species, including endemics. The flora of Rio de Janeiro state is recognized as one of the richest in the country and the state as an important center of endemism. These features have encouraged diferent botanical studies, highligthing Vellozo, Cysneiros, Glaziou, Gardner, among others, as precursor naturalists in exploration native forests. It is presented physiographic features of the state and brief retrospective of the Flora of Rio de Janeiro state project, which began in 2001, and consolidated in 2007 with a checklist prepared and made available online, and in 2011, with the implantation of the Catálogo de espécies de plantas vasculares e briófitas da flora do estado do Rio de Janeiro, with the participation of over 150 participants working online. Currently 334 families, 1,821 genera and, 8,203 species, subspecies and varieties have been recorded to the state, 1,740 of which are endemic. We highlight the vegetation formations, municipalities, conservation unities, and families of angiosperms, bryophytes, ferns and lycophytes families most diverse, as well as comments about monographic treatments already published. This special volume of Rodriguésia dedicated to the flora of Rio de Janeiro state presentes 19 families with 76 species of Angiosperms -Aizoaceae, Alismataceae, Asparagaceae, Ceratophyllaceae, Cabombaceae, Haloragaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Hydroleaceae, Juncaginaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Mayacaceae, Menyanthaceae, Molluginaceae, Myristicaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Pontederiaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Rhizophoraceae e Typhaceae. Key words: Angiosperms, Bryophytes, endemic, Gymnosperms, Lycophytes, Ferns. ResumoO estado do Rio de Janeiro, inserido no Bioma Mata Atlântica, representa uma área com alta diversidade de paisagens vegetacionais, habitats e espécies de plantas, incluindo várias endêmicas. A flora do estado do Rio de Janeiro é reconhecidamente uma das mais ricas do país e o estado apontado como um importante centro de endemismo. Tais características têm incentivado os mais diferentes estudos botânicos, destacando Vellozo, Cysneiros, Glaziou, Gardner, entre outros, como naturalistas precursores na exploração das florestas nativas. Apresentam-se, de modo geral, aspectos fisiográficos do estado e uma breve retrospectiva do projeto Flora do estado do Rio de Janeiro, iniciado em 2001, que culminou, em 2007, com a elaboração online do checklist da flora do estado, e em 2011, com a implantação do Catálogo de espécies de plantas vasculares e briófitas da flora do estado do Rio de Janeiro, no qual mais de 150 colaboradores trabalharam online. Essas iniciativas revelam números bem expressivos da diversidade da flora fluminense e a necessidade de se prosseguir nos estudos taxonômicos dos grupos botânicos que compõem a flora. Atualmente, são registradas para o estado do Rio de Janeiro 334 famílias, 1.821 gêneros e 8.203 espécies, subesp...

RESUMO São apresentadas as espécies de Guatteria do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Guateria é o maior gênero das Annonaceae, com cerca de 265 espécies, e apresenta problemas taxonômicos complexos pelas dificuldades de delimitação das espécies e seções, consequência da uniformidade dos caracteres florais e da variabilidade dos caracteres vegetativos. São consideradas 13 espécies: Guatteria burchellii, G. candolleana, G. elliptica, G. ferruginea, G. glabrescens, G. latifolia, G. mexiae, G. nigrescens, G. pohliana, G. pubens, G. reflexa, G. villosissima e G. xylopioides, e 16 nomes são considerados sinônimos. São apresentados chave analítica, descrições das espécies, comentários taxonômicos, informações sobre floração, frutificação, distribuição geográfica, hábitats de ocorrência e ilustrações.

RESUMO A família Annonaceae está representada nas restingas do estado do Rio de Janeiro por nove espécies: Anaxagorea dolichocarpa Sprague & Sandwith, Annona acutiflora Mart., A. glabra L., A. montana Macfad., Duguetia sessilis (Vell.) Maas, Guatteria nigrescens Mart., Oxandra nitida R.E.Fr., Xylopia ochrantha Mart. e X. sericea A.St.-Hil. Apresentam-se chave de identificação das espécies, breves descrições, ilustrações e comentários sobre fenologia, distribuição geográfica, habitats e usos.

The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.

The essential oils (EOs) extracted from four species of the genus Guatteria, G. australis, G. ferruginea, G. latifolia, and G. sellowiana were analyzed. A total of 24, 22, 25, and 19 constituents of the oils from four species, respectively, were identified by GC/MS. These oils showed qualitative and quantitative differences. All the oils contained the oxygenated sesquiterpenes spathulenol (11.04 - 40.29%) and caryophyllene oxide (7.74 - 40.13%) as predominant constituents. Evaluation of antiproliferative activity of the EOs showed strong selectivity (1.1 - 4.1 μg/ml) against the tumor cell line OVCAR-03 (ovarian cancer), i.e., more active than the positive control doxorubicin (11.7 μg/ml). All EOs showed strong antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.062 - 0.25 mg/ml) against strains of Rhodococcus equi.