RESUMO-Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica das cultivares de alface tipo crespa em diferentes épocas de cultivo em condições de alta temperatura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 5 x 7 x 2, sendo cinco cultivares (Verônica, Vera, Cinderela, Isabela e Veneranda), sete ambientes (campo aberto, sombrite 30; 40; 50% de luz e malhas termo refletoras 30; 40 e 50%) e duas épocas de cultivo (outubro a dezembro de 2008) e (julho a setembro de 2009), com quatro repetições. Em relação à produção total e produção comercial a cultivar Verônica foi a que se destacou com relação à produção. Houve diferença no desempenho produtivo das cultivares em relação às épocas de cultivo. E os parâmetros do coeficiente de determinação e índice de variação da variável número de folhas são próximos da unidade, apresentando uma maior estabilidade. A cultivar Verônica se manteve mais estável nos períodos de produção respondendo melhor às épocas de plantio independente dos ambientes de cultivos. A cultivar Cinderela, em relação às outras cultivares, manteve uma boa produção, sendo a segunda opção para o cultivo.

Substratos na produção de mudas de três espécies arbóreas do cerrado RES UMOUm dos fatores importantes na produção de mudas é o uso de substratos que proporcionem o seu rápido desenvolvimento. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes substratos na produção de mudas de mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), cumbarueiro (Dipteryx alata Vog.) e cagaiteira (Eugenia dysenterica DC). Os substratos avaliados foram: solo, solo + esterco bovino curtido, solo + casca de arroz carbonizada, solo + esterco bovino curtido + casca de arroz carbonizada. As variáveis avaliadas foram: altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular. Para as três espécies utilizadas, o melhor crescimento das mudas é obtido quando se utiliza apenas o solo como substrato. Palavras-chave: espécies frutíferas, esterco bovino, casca de arrozSubstrates in the seedling production of three tree species in the Cerrado AB S TR ACTOne of the important factors in plant production is the use of substrates that increase the development speed of seedlings. This study aims to evaluate the influence of different substrates in the production of 'mangabeira' (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), 'cumbarueiro' (Dipteryx alata Vog.) and 'cagaiteira' (Eugenia dysenterica DC) seedlings. The evaluated substrates were: soil, soil + cattle manure, soil + carbonized rice husk, soil + cattle manure + carbonized rice husk. The variables evaluated were: plant height, stem diameter, and fresh and dry mass of the aerial part and root system. In all three cases, the seedlings best growth rate could be obtained upon the use of only the soil as substrate.

The aim of the study was to determine genetic correlations of agronomic traits and to evaluate direct and indirect effects, through path analysis, between variables analyzed with grain yield. Forty accessions of common bean, cultivated at Caceres County were evaluated, by using randomized complete blocks design with three repetitions. Coefficient magnitudes of genotypic correlations were superior to phenotypic and environmental ones for most correlations, suggesting greater influence of genetic factor than environmental factors. In order to determine the importance of direct and indirect effects, path analysis was performed, which provided greater reliability in interpretations of cause and effect between studied traits, indicating that grain yield may be explained by the effects of analyzed traits. Number of seeds per plant (0.801) and grain weight (0.641) showed higher favorable effect over grain yield, allowing its use in direct or indirect selection for grain yield in common bean.

RESUMO.No presente estudo, objetivou-se formar supercaracteres para seleção simultânea de variáveis relacionadas à produção e qualidade dos frutos em famílias de irmãos completos e, ou, meios-irmãos de maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa). Avaliaram-se 113 famílias e 11 variáveis, no Delineamento I de Comostock e Robinson, em blocos ao acaso com três repetições. A análise de fatores estabeleceu três supercaracteres: tamanho do fruto (TF), produtividade (PROD) e rendimento de indústria (RI). Para grande maioria das variáveis originais, foram verificados sinais de cargas fatoriais que refletem o verdadeiro sentido da seleção em programas de melhoramento de maracujá. Detectou-se variabilidade genética nos níveis hierárquicos de genitor masculino e genitoras femininas dentro de genitor masculino, nos supercaracteres TF, PROD e nas respectivas variáveis originais que os compuseram. O supercaractere RI não apresentou variabilidade em função da não-existência desta nas variáveis que o constituíram. Houve ganhos genéticos preditos, em sentido desejado, nas variáveis formadoras dos supercaracteres tamanho do fruto e produtividade. Portanto, estes podem ser utilizados na seleção simultânea de caracteres relacionados ao tamanho do fruto e à produtividade.Palavras-chave: Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa, seleção simultânea, análise multivariada, melhoramento genético.ABSTRACT. Development of super-traits for selection of families of yellow passion fruit. This study aimed to establish super-traits for simultaneous selection of variables related to fruit yield and quality in full-sibs and/or half-sib families of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa). The Design I of Comstock and Robinson was used, in random blocks with three replications, to evaluate 113 families and 11 variables. Three super-traits were determined by factor analysis: fruit size (TF), productivity (PROD) and industry yield (RI). Signals of factorial charge reflected the true sense of selection in passion fruit breeding programs for most original variables. Genetic variability was detected at the hierarchical levels of male parent and female parent within the male parent for the super-traits TF, PROD and for the respective original variables that represented it. There was no variability in super-trait RI since it was absent in the variables that represented it. Genetic gains were obtained in the desired sense in the determinant variables of the super-traits fruit size and productivity. Consequently, these can be employed in the simultaneous selection of traits related to fruit size and productivity.

The present study had as objective to evaluate of the genetic divergence among 35 landraces of common bean. The experimental design was carried out in a randomized block with four repetitions. The variance analysis revealed significant difference at 1 and 5% levels of probability for the evaluated characteristics. The Cluster analysis based in the morpho-agronomic traits presented difference among Andean and Mesoamerican landrace cultivars, which it allocated the landrace cultivars in different groups. The Tocher and the Nearest Neighbor methods demonstrated that the most dissimilars cultivars were Carioca sem Cipó and Jalo, whereas Roxinho Mineiro and Carioca sem Cipó cultivars were the more similars. The first two canonic variables were sufficient to explain about 81.90% of the total variation showed in this study. These results reveal large genetic diversity among the landraces from Mato Grosso do Sul state. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, multivariate analysis, morpho-agronomic traits ResumoO presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a divergência genética entre 35 cultivares tradicionais de feijão. O delineamento experimental foi realizado em blocos casualizados com 4 repetições. A análise de variância revelou diferença significativa ao nível de 1 e 5% de probabilidade para as características avaliadas. A análise de agrupamento baseada nas características morfo-agronômicas apresentou diferença entre as cultivares crioulas Andina e Mesoamericana, o qual alocou as cultivares crioulas em grupos diferentes. Os métodos de Tocher e Vizinho Mais Próximo demonstraram que as cultivares mais dissimilares foram a Carioca sem Cipó e Jalo, enquanto que Roxinho Mineiro e Carioca sem Cipó foram as mais similares. As duas primeiras variáveis canônicas foram suficientes para explicar cerca de 81,90% da variação total observada neste estudo. Os resultados revelaram uma ampla diversidade genética entre as cultivares tradicionais do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Palavras-chave: Phaseolus vulgaris, análise multivariada, características morfo-agronômicas 1 Professor, Dr.,

Repeatability in breeding of passion-fruit familiesBreeding programs seek to determine the minimum period of genotype evaluation, which is a long term process. This study aimed to estimate the repeatability coefficient, using analysis of variance and multivariate methods of physical and chemical characteristics that are important for passion-fruit selection to achieve accurate and efficient predictions. There was agreement on the magnitude of the repeatability coefficients obtained by different methods, increasing their reliability. The estimates of the repeatability coefficient obtained by the analysis of variance were always lower than those obtained by other methods. The results showed that there is 80% confiability in the selection process from 10 measurements taken on the evaluated traits.

The Mauritia flexuosa L.f. palm is known as the “tree of life” given its importance as fundamental food and construction resources for humans. The species is broadly distributed in wet habitats of Amazonia and dry habitats of the Amazon and Orinoco river basins and in the Cerrado savanna. We collected 179 individuals from eight different localities throughout these habitats and used microsatellites to characterize their population structure and patterns of gene flow. Overall, we found high genetic variation, except in one savanna locality. Gene flow between populations is largely congruent with river basins and the direction of water flow within and among them, suggesting their importance for seed dispersal. Further, rivers have had a higher frequency of human settlements than forested sites, contributing to population diversity and structure through increased human use and consumption of M. flexuosa along rivers. Gene flow patterns revealed that migrants are sourced primarily from within the same river basin, such as those from Madeira and Tapajós basins. Our work suggests that rivers and their inhabitants are a critical element of the landscape in Amazonia and have impacted the dispersal and subsequent distribution of tropical palm species, as shown by the patterns of genetic variation in M. flexuosa.

ABSTRACT. Genetic variability of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Brazil is wide, being this the result of natural and cultural selection during pre-and post-domestication of the species in different environments. Given the number of species of the genus found in the region (38 of a total of 98 species), the central region of Brazil was defined as the primary center of cassava diversity. Therefore, genetic diversity characterization of cassava accessions is fundamental, both for farmers and for plant breeders, because it allows the organization of genetic resources and better utilization of available genetic diversity. This research aims to assess genetic divergence of cassava accessions from the south-central region of the State of Mato Grosso, based on multi-categorical morphological traits. For this purpose, 38 qualitative and quantitative morphological descriptors were used. Genetic diversity was expressed by the genetic similarity index, with subsequent clustering of accessions by the modified Tocher's procedure and UPGMA. Of 38 descriptors, only growth habit of stem showed no variability. Tocher and UPGMA methods were efficient and corroborated on group composition. Both methods were able to group accessions of different localities in distinct group consistency.