The Andean common bean AND 277 has the Co-14 and the Phg-1 alleles that confer resistance to 21 and eight races, respectively, of the anthracnose (ANT) and angular leaf spot (ALS) pathogens. Because of its broad resistance spectrum, Co-14 is one of the main genes used in ANT resistance breeding. Additionally, Phg-1 is used for resistance to ALS. In this study, we elucidate the inheritance of the resistance of AND 277 to both pathogens using F2 populations from the AND 277 × Rudá and AND 277 × Ouro Negro crosses and F2:3 families from the AND 277 × Ouro Negro cross. Rudá and Ouro Negro are susceptible to all of the above races of both pathogens. Co-segregation analysis revealed that a single dominant gene in AND 277 confers resistance to races 65, 73, and 2047 of the ANT and to race 63-23 of the ALS pathogens. Co-14 and Phg-1 are tightly linked (0.0 cM) on linkage group Pv01. Through synteny mapping between common bean and soybean we also identified two new molecular markers, CV542014450 and TGA1.1570, tagging the Co-14 and Phg-1 loci. These markers are linked at 0.7 and 1.3 cM, respectively, from the Co-14/Phg-1 locus in coupling phase. The analysis of allele segregation in the BAT 93/Jalo EEP558 and California Dark Red Kidney/Yolano recombinant populations revealed that CV542014450 and TGA1.1570 segregated in the expected 1:1 ratio. Due to the physical linkage in cis configuration, Co-14 and Phg-1 are inherited together and can be monitored indirectly with the CV542014450 and TGA1.1570 markers. These results illustrate the rapid discovery of new markers through synteny mapping. These markers will reduce the time and costs associated with the pyramiding of these two disease resistance genes.

Anthracnose (ANT) and angular leaf spot (ALS) are devastating diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Ouro Negro is a highly productive common bean cultivar, which contains the Co-10 and Phg-ON genes for resistance to ANT and ALS, respectively. In this study, we performed a genetic co-segregation analysis of resistance to ANT and ALS using an F2 population from the Rudá × Ouro Negro cross and the F2:3 families from the AND 277 × Ouro Negro cross. Ouro Negro is resistant to races 7 and 73 of the ANT and race 63-39 of the ALS pathogens. Conversely, cultivars AND 277 and Rudá are susceptible to races 7 and 73 of ANT, respectively. Both cultivars are susceptible to race 63-39 of ALS. Co-segregation analysis revealed that Co-10 and Phg-ON were inherited together, conferring resistance to races 7 and 73 of ANT and race 63-39 of ALS. The Co-10 and Phg-ON genes co-segregated and were tightly linked at a distance of 0.0 cM on chromosome Pv04. The molecular marker g2303 was linked to Co-10 and Phg-ON at a distance of 0.0 cM. Because of their physical linkage in a cis configuration, the Co-10 and Phg-ON resistance alleles are inherited together and can be monitored with great efficiency using g2303. The close linkage between the Co-10 and Phg-ON genes and prior evidence are consistent with the existence of a resistance gene cluster at one end of chromosome Pv04, which also contains the Co-3 locus and ANT resistance quantitative trait loci. These results will be very useful for breeding programs aimed at developing bean cultivars with ANT and ALS resistance using marker-assisted selection.

RESUMO

RESUMOAs cultivares de mandioca IAC 12, IAC 13, IAC 14, Fécula Branca, Espeto, Branca-de-Santa Catarina, Fibra, Verdinha e Mico foram avaliadas quanto à produção de raízes, parte aérea, teores de matéria seca e resistência à bacteriose, nos anos agrícolas 1994/95, 1995/96 e 1996/97, na localidade de Araruna, noroeste do Paraná. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos completos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Na análise conjunta verificou-se efeito significativo (P < 0,05) da interação cultivares vs. anos para todas as características avaliadas. Apesar da interação foi possível concluir, de modo geral, que as maiores produções de parte aérea foram obtidas na cultivar IAC 14. Em relação à produção de raízes tuberosas as cultivares Fécula Branca, Mico, Fibra, Espeto, IAC 14 e Verdinha mostraram-se mais produtivas na média dos três anos. As cultivares IAC 14, Fécula Branca, IAC 13 e IAC 12 apresentaram os maiores teores de matéria seca nas raízes tuberosas. Quanto à bacteriose as cultivares Mico, IAC 14 e Fécula Branca mostraram-se mais resistentes. Palavas-chave: Manihot esculenta, cultivares, produtividade, matéria seca, resistência bacteriana. ABSTRACT EVALUATION OF CASSAVA CULTIVARS IN NORTHWEST REGION OF PARANÁ STATE, BRAZILNine cassava cultivars IAC 12, IAC 13, IAC 14, Fécula Branca, Espeto, Branca-de-Santa Catarina, Fibra, Verdinha and Mico were evaluated for roots and branches productivity, dry matter contents and bacterium resistance. The trials were carried out during the years of 1994/95, 1995/96 and 1996/97, in Araruna, Northwest Region of Paraná State, Brazil. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. In the joint analyses, the cultivar vs. year interaction effect was significant (P < 0,05) for all the characteristics evaluated. In spite of that, it was possible to conclude that IAC 14 and Fécula Branca had the highest branch yield and root yield, respectively. The cultivars IAC 14, Fécula Branca, IAC 13 and IAC 12 presented the highest root dry matter contents. Mico, IAC 14 and Fécula Branca showed the highest bacterium resistance.