An experimental dentifrice containing nano-silver fluoride (NSF) and a sodium fluoride (NaF) toothpaste were tested in vitro, against S. mutans, to evaluate the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), antiadherence, antiacid, enamel microhardness, and OCT. The microdilution technique was used to determine the MIC and MBC. Fragments of deciduous enamel were treated with dentifrice slurries, containing bacterial suspension and PBS-treated saliva. The quantification of the microorganisms that adhered to the enamel was determined after 24 hours of incubation, and media pH readings were performed after 2 hours and 24 hours. Deciduous teeth were evaluated for microhardness and OCT during 14 days of pH cycling. Data were statistically analyzed using Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, ANOVA, and Tukey tests at 5% of significance. Dentifrices containing NSF presented a lower MIC and higher statistically significant results compared to NaF dentifrices with respect to preventing bacterial adhesion and pH decreases. NSF and NaF dentifrices showed the same ability to avoid enamel demineralization corroborated by the OCT images. The NSF formulation had a better antibacterial effect compared to NaF dentifrices and similar action on the demineralization of enamel indicating their potential effectiveness to prevent caries.

AimsTo determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and associated factors in an adolescent sample from Recife, Brazil.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 1342 adolescents aged 10–17 years. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) was used by calibrated examiners to evaluate the presence and levels of chronic pain. To evaluate the socioeconomic conditions, the subjects answered the Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria (CCEB) questionnaire. Data were analyzed by means of binary logistic regression in SPSS.ResultsThe results showed that 33.2% of the subjects had TMD irrespective of age (p = 0.153) or economic class (p = 0.653). Statistically significant associations were found between TMD and female gender (p = 0.017), headache/migraine in the past six months (p<0.001), chronic pain (p<0.001) and chronic pain level (p<0.001). In the final model, logistic regression showed that the level of chronic pain and the headache/migraine in the past six months were related to the presence of TMD.ConclusionsThe prevalence of TMD was considered high (33.2%) and adolescents with chronic pain and headache in the past six months were more likely to have TMD.Clinical relevanceThe data contribute to the understanding of TMD among adolescents and to the development of preventive measures and polices to identify the dysfunction promptly.

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BackgroundNanosilver fluoride (NSF) was developed as an alternative in the prevention of dental caries.PurposeThe aim of this study was to test the remineralizing action of NSF on incipient enamel caries and its antimicrobial action on the acid production and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans.MethodsDeciduous enamel fragments were treated with sodium fluoride (NaF), NSF and deionized water. Microhardness, fluorescence spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography imaging were performed on each specimen before chemical caries induction, after caries induction and after 14 days of pH cycling. The treated enamel fragments were also placed into test tubes containing bacterial suspension and saliva. The pH readings and quantification of the adhered microorganisms to the dental enamel were determined. Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Tukey and mixed linear regression model were applied.ResultsNSF and NaF were effective in enamel remineralization, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) to deionized water, and they had no statistically significant difference between themselves (p>0.005). NSF had greater effectiveness compared to NaF in preventing decreases of pH and adhesion of S. mutans to the enamel surface, with statistically significant (p<0.001) differences.ConclusionNSF may be more effective than conventional fluorides in treating incipient caries lesions due to its remineralization and antibacterial actions.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and its association with malocclusion among children in Recife, Brazil. Methods: 390 children aged seven to eight years took part in the study, comprised by the body mass measurement, orthodontic examination and parent's information required by the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. Statistics tools were Pearson's chi-square and Lemeshow test. Results: SDB was found in 33.3% of the children and associated with overjet (p= 0.007), anterior open bite (p=0.008) and posterior crossbite (p= 0.001). There was no association between BMI and SDB. The multivariate logistic regression model indicated that the anterior open bite (p= 0.002) and posterior crossbite (p = 0.014) have an association with SDB. Conclusions: Results of this study indicated that the prevalence of SDB was high and highly associated with malocclusion; anterior open bite and posterior crossbite are risk factors for SDB.

2 Objectives: To determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder and associated factors in an 3 adolescent sample from Recife, Brazil. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted 4 with 1342 adolescents aged 10-17 years. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular 5 Disorder (RDC/TMD) was used by calibrated examiners to evaluate the presence and levels of chronic 6 pain. To evaluate the socioeconomic conditions, the Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria (CCEB)7questionnaire was answered by the subjects. Data were analyzed by means of binary logistic regression in 8 SPSS. Results: The results showed that 33.2% of the subjects had TMD irrespective of age (p= 0.137) or 9 economic class (p=0.507). Statistically significant associations were found between TMD and gender (p= 10 0.020), headache/migraine in the past six months (p=0,000) and the presence of chronic pain (p=0,000). In 11 final model, logistic regression showed that chronic pain contributes to the presence of TMD. Conclusions: 12The prevalence of TMD was considered high (33.2%) and adolescents with chronic pain were more likely 13 to have TMD. Clinical Relevance: The data contribute to the understanding of TMD among adolescents 14 and to the development of preventive measures and polices to identify the dysfunction promptly. 15 16 17 19 temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles and associated structures occasionally occur in 20 infants, children and adolescents. Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a collective term for a group of 21 musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions that include several clinical signs and symptoms, such as 22 pain, headache, TMJ sounds, TMJ locking and ear pain [1], involving the muscles of mastication, the TMJ 23 and associated structures [2]. 24 The prevalence of TMD in adolescents has been reported in recent studies showing a percentage 25 of 9.0% to 48.7%, evaluated by the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders 3 38 with poorer oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria 39 (CCEB) was developed by the Brazilian Association of Research Companies [23] for population 40classification into groups according to economic class. This classification is based on the possession of 41 goods and not based on family income, scores vary from zero (the poorest) to 46 (the richest). 42The cumulative effect of muscle activities increases the likelihood of presenting painful TMD [24]. 43Prolonged masticatory muscle pain is likely to become a chronic condition, and continuous pain may 44 eventually produce chronic centrally mediated myalgia [25]. Through evaluation of adolescents diagnosed 45 with moderate to severe TMD, a higher level of electromyographic activity was found in the masseter and 46 temporal muscles at rest and during chewing [26]. Recent findings have suggested that prepubertal children 47 with high levels of sedentary behavior, low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and low body fat content may 48 have increa...

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