The aim of this work is to evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of a formulation containing silver nanoparticles and chitosan, provisionally called nano silver fluoride (NSF), against Streptococcus mutans in comparison to chlorhexidine and silver diamine fluoride (SDF). The product was characterised by transmission electron microscopy and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was evaluated by the spectrophotometric microdilution method and turbidity. The minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) was evaluated in brain heart infusion plates, and cytotoxicity was evaluated by haemolytic activity. The MIC and MBC for NSF were, respectively, 33.54 ± 14.52 and 50.32 µg/mL; for SDF were 33.33 ± 14.43 and 50.0 µg/mL, respectively; and for CHX were 3.3 ± 0.5 and 6 µg/mL, respectively. An ANOVA for MIC gave P = 0.032, and for MBC P = 0.035. The cytotoxic effect of NSF compared to SDF demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the MIC value (t test P < 0.05). The NSF formulation may be effective against S. mutans with much lower doses, may have lower toxicity than SDF, and may not stain teeth.
The SDF technique showed better results than IRT for the arrest of cavities in deciduous teeth, indicating that its use for underprivileged communities may justify a paradigm shift in paediatric dentistry.
BackgroundSocioeconomic, perinatal and other life cycle events can be important determinants of the health status of the individual and populations. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), perinatal factors (gestational age, teenage pregnancy and birth weight), family income and nutritional risk in children.MethodsA cross-sectional study in which 320 children were examined according to the criteria established by the World Health Organization. A previously validated questionnaire was used to obtain information from parents and guardians about family income, gestational age and birth weight. To check the nutritional risk, we used the criteria provided by the CDC (Center for Disease Control). For Statistics, Pearson’s, chi-square and the multivariate Poisson analyses were used to determine the association among variables.ResultsApproximately 20% of children had ECC, and the Poisson multivariate analyses indicated that family income (p = 0.009), birth weight (p < 0.001) and infant obesity (p < 0.001) were related to the increase of ECC, and gestational age was not significantly associated with ECC (p = 0.149). Pregnancy in adolescence was not included in the regression analyses model because it was not statistically significant in the chi-square test (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe prevalence of ECC was related to low family income, premature birth and infant obesity.
An experimental dentifrice containing nano-silver fluoride (NSF) and a sodium fluoride (NaF) toothpaste were tested in vitro, against S. mutans, to evaluate the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), antiadherence, antiacid, enamel microhardness, and OCT. The microdilution technique was used to determine the MIC and MBC. Fragments of deciduous enamel were treated with dentifrice slurries, containing bacterial suspension and PBS-treated saliva. The quantification of the microorganisms that adhered to the enamel was determined after 24 hours of incubation, and media pH readings were performed after 2 hours and 24 hours. Deciduous teeth were evaluated for microhardness and OCT during 14 days of pH cycling. Data were statistically analyzed using Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, ANOVA, and Tukey tests at 5% of significance. Dentifrices containing NSF presented a lower MIC and higher statistically significant results compared to NaF dentifrices with respect to preventing bacterial adhesion and pH decreases. NSF and NaF dentifrices showed the same ability to avoid enamel demineralization corroborated by the OCT images. The NSF formulation had a better antibacterial effect compared to NaF dentifrices and similar action on the demineralization of enamel indicating their potential effectiveness to prevent caries.
Purpose: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a caries prevention and arresting agent that is easy to apply clinically. Interim therapeutic restorations (IRT) are also known to be a simple and effective method for treating caries in children. This study examines whether treatment with 30% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) will cause fewer adverse events than the available interim therapeutic restorations in underprivileged schoolchildren with cavities.Methods: We conducted a three-month pilot study comparing the adverse effects of IRT using glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX, GC America, Inc.) with those of 30% silver diamine fluoride (Cariostop Biodynamic ® , Brazil) in 50 children aged 6 years.Results: In the SDF group, all caries were arrested and no pain, abscess or fistula was reported. Of the children assigned to the Fuji IX group, 24% reported toothache (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of fistula and abscess in the two groups.Conclusion: The authors suggest that for underprivileged schoolchildren with caries, the use of SDF when an appropriate clinical setting is not available resulted in fewer adverse effects than did treatment with an interim therapeutic restorative using FUJI IX.
ResumoObjetivo: O Diamino fluoreto de prata, uma solução de fácil aplicação e que não precisa de um ambiente clínico para o seu uso, é um agente de notável capacidade de paralisar e prevenir cárie. Outro método simples e eficaz para o tratamento da cárie em crianças são Restaurações provisórias. Este estudo examinou o surgimento de efeitos adversos em escolares tratadas com Diamino fluoreto de prata (DFP) comparado com aquelas tratadas com o Tratamento Restaurador Provisório.Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo piloto de três meses comparando os efeitos adversos das restaurações provisórias, utilizando cimento de ionômero de vidro Fuji IX (GC America, Inc.), com o Diamino fluoreto de prata a 30% (Cariostop Biodinâmica ® , Brasil), em 50 crianças com 6 anos de idade.Resultados: O grupo DFP teve todas as suas cáries paralisadas e não apresentou dor, abscesso ou fístula. Das crianças tratadas com Fuji IX, 24% delas relataram dor de dente (P < 0,05). Para fístula e abscesso, não foi verificado diferença estatisticamente significativa.Conclusão: Os autores sugerem que, para crianças portadoras de cárie, sem acesso aos serviços de saúde, o DFP apresentou menos efeitos adversos do que o tratamento restaurador provisório utilizando FUJI IX.
Palavras-chave: Cárie; criança; diamino fluoreto de prata; restauração provisória Rev Odonto Cienc 2012;27(1):26-30 27 Santos Jr et al.
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