Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by systemic pain of unknown etiology and is often accompanied by various psychological symptoms. Research on different parameters in fibromyalgia (FM) indicates that multifactors are involved in its pathophysiology; such as genetic factors, substance P, serotonin, hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA), muscles metabolic dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Oxidative stress has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of FM; therefore, supplementation with antioxidants may be important in modulation of the effects of ROS in patients with FM.
Juvenile thick-lipped grey mullet, Chelon lubrosus, believed to be about 6-7 months old, possessed well developed lymphoid organs including a clearly differentiated thymus with distinct cortical and medullary zones. However, unlike older fish, the juvenile mullet usually failed to produce antibody in response to a single injection of classical thymus-dependent antigen (using the soluble proteins human gamma globulin or keyhole limpet haemocyanin). Prior priming of the juvenile fish with antigen was found to potentiate antibody production following challenge with a second dose of the antigen in adjuvant, priming by oral administration being equally a s effective as priming by injection. Neither juvenile nor adult mullet produced any significant level of antibody against ovalbumin.The results suggest that, despite their apparently well differentiated lymphoid organs, juvenile mullet still show a certain level of immaturity in their antibody responses to soluble proteins; also that immunization can improve their ability to respond.
In the title compound, C13H11NO2, the aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 42.52 (12)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which form infinite one-dimensional polymeric chains extending along the a axis. C—H⋯π interactions between the aromatic rings are also present.
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