Cotton is an important multipurpose crop which is highly sensitive to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Proper management of this cash crop requires systematic understanding of various environmental conditions that are vital to yield and quality. High temperature stress can severely affect the viability of pollens and anther indehiscence, which leads to significant yield losses. Cotton can respond to withstand adverse environmental condition in several phases among which the accumulation of chemicals is extremely vital. Calcium, kinases, reactive oxygen species, carbohydrate, transcription factors, gene expression regulation, and plant hormones signaling pathways are playing a handy role in activating the major genes responsible to encounter and defend elevated temperature stress. The production of heat shock proteins is up-regulated when crops are unleashed to high temperature stress. Molecular breeding can play a functional role to identify superior genes for all the important attributes as well as provide breeder ready markers for developing ideotypes. The development of high-temperature resistant transgenic cultivars of cotton can grant a stability benefit and can also ameliorate the production capacity in response to elevated temperature.

Putranjiva roxburghii, Conyza bonariensis, Woodfordia fruiticosa and Senecio chrysanthemoids were collected from different areas of Pakistan and extracted in methanol. The crude methanolic extract was dissolved in water and further partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform and n-butanol successively. Total phenols of all extracts were calculated using Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) reagent, while antioxidant activities were determined using standard protocols. All extracts contained reasonable amount of phenolic contents ranging from 36.9 ± 0.3 to 911.7 ± 1.4 mg GAE/g of extract, and maximum total phenols were present in the ethyl acetate extract of S. chrysanthemoids (911.7 ± 1.4 mg GAE/g of extract). Antiradical activity was measured as decrease in absorbance at 517 nm using diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). The ethyl acetate extract of W. fruiticosa exhibited the highest activity (92.1 ± 1.6% with IC 50 = 4 ± 0 µg). The reducing potential of the extracts was determined with ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. The ethyl acetate extract of C. bonariensis showed the highest activity in FRAP (671.9 ± 1.6 µM) and the extract of W. fruiticosa (ethyl acetate) was the most active (1.882 ± 0.041) in TAC among the other extracts of the selected medicinal plants.

In the title compound, C10H12N2OS, the toluene and the N-carbamothio­ylacetamide units are oriented at dihedral angle of 78.75 (5)°. An intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into [101] chains by pairs of N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds [which generate R 2 2(8) loops] and pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds [which generate R 2 2(4) loops]. The two motifs alternate in the chain.

No abstract

No abstract