Response and Tolerance Mechanism of Cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. to Elevated Temperature Stress: A Review

Abstract

Cotton is an important multipurpose crop which is highly sensitive to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Proper management of this cash crop requires systematic understanding of various environmental conditions that are vital to yield and quality. High temperature stress can severely affect the viability of pollens and anther indehiscence, which leads to significant yield losses. Cotton can respond to withstand adverse environmental condition in several phases among which the accumulation of chemicals is extremely vital. Calcium, kinases, reactive oxygen species, carbohydrate, transcription factors, gene expression regulation, and plant hormones signaling pathways are playing a handy role in activating the major genes responsible to encounter and defend elevated temperature stress. The production of heat shock proteins is up-regulated when crops are unleashed to high temperature stress. Molecular breeding can play a functional role to identify superior genes for all the important attributes as well as provide breeder ready markers for developing ideotypes. The development of high-temperature resistant transgenic cultivars of cotton can grant a stability benefit and can also ameliorate the production capacity in response to elevated temperature.

Temperature Extremes in Cotton Production and Mitigation Strategies

“…Temperature stress may cause deleterious effects at cell and molecular level, their networking and also during protein synthesis [46,83]. Due to which a number of cellular abnormalities, metabolic imbalances, instable homeostasis and complex molecular reprogramming can be observed at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels [62]. As we described earlier that heat stress is normally taken together with water deficit (drought) conditions normally in cotton plants thus fortifying the stress impact from both abiotic sources.…”

“…High temperature stress is reported to affect the pollen viability and the anther indehiscence, resulting in lower seed setting rate and causing significant reductions in final yields [62]. It is extensively documented and believed that the most viable site to be attacked during the heat spells is the photosynthetic apparatus, which is the primary site for carbohydrate production and food supply to other plant parts.…”

Genome-wide comparative analysis of H3K4me3 profiles between diploid and allotetraploid cotton to refine genome annotation

“…In rice, several histone markers have been reported to be associated with transcriptional activation, such as di- and trimethylation of H3K4 (H3K4me2 and H3K4me3) and acylation of H3K9 and H3K27 (H3K9ac and H3K27ac). Among these, H3K4me3, a post translational modification (PTM) of histones 5 , 6 , is known to be a euchromatic marker that may facilitate transcription initiation and elongation events and increase transcriptional regulation of genes 7 , 8 . In plants, H3K4me3 histones are associated with transcription start sites (TSS) of expressed genes 9 and are usually located from ∼150 bp upstream of the TSS to ∼500 bp downstream in rice 10 .…”

Genetic effects conferring heat tolerance in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

“…In recent years, high temperature has been reported as a serious threat to crop productivity (Zafar et al 2018). So, when cotton is exposed to high temperature for longer duration lead to wilting of leaf (Ahuja et al 2010;Zahid et al 2016), shedding of fruiting bodies, i.e., squares, buds, flowers and bolls (Cao et al 2008;Iqbal et al 2017), and decreased rate of photosynthesis is reported by Marchand et al (2005). Therefore, it is need of the time to focus on development of new germplasm which can cope with high temperature.…”