Controlling biofilms
of bacteria is a challenging aspect because of their drug-resistance
potentials against a range of antibiotics, demanding the development
of active anti-biofilm agents. Rutin (R), a natural antioxidant,
and benzamide (B), a synthetic antibacterial agent, have several
pharmacological and antibacterial abilities. Herein, we developed
PEG–PLGA NPs that synergistically carried rutin and benzamide
as drug candidates, while displaying therapeutic and anti-biofilm
functions. These drug delivery NPs were synthesized by the oil-in-water
emulsion (O/W) solvent evaporation technique. The obtained NPs were
characterized by UV–vis, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and DLS measurements.
Confocal laser scanning microscopy was employed to evaluate the anti-biofilm capabilities
against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and further quantified the levels of residual
biofilm constituents such as protein and exopolysaccharide (EPS).
Drug release experiments showed the controlled release of rutin–benzamide
(RB) for several days. Antibacterial analyses showed that the
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of NPs was at least two times
lower than that of the free drugs. RB–PEG-PLGA NPs revealed
that they targeted biofilm-forming bacteria through the disruption
of the membrane and biofilm surface and were observed to be nontoxic
when tested using human erythrocytes and human cell lines. In vivo
evaluations in zebrafish showed that the NPs did not alter the antioxidant
functions and histological features of tissues. On the basis of results
obtained, it is substantiated that the rutin–benzamide-loaded
nanocarrier offers potential anti-biofilm therapy due to its high
anti-biofilm activity and biocompatibility.
The ethanolic extract of strawberry (Fragaria. ananassa.) fruits were analyzed for total antimicrobial activity against four different strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Proteus.vulgaris and E.Coli. In addition, fruits were analyzed for Antifungal activity against Asparagillus.Niger and Candida albicans.. Total anthocyanin content ethanolic extract of strawberries have enough antimicrobial spectra and there was no inhibition against fungi Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The ethnolic extracts were also analysed by U.V.Spectrophotometer for the determination of anthocynin content. Total anthocyanin content of increased with maturity of fruits. The results showed a linear correlation between ethanolic extract of fruits for its antimicrobial activity. Moreover ripen berries have more activity than the normal unripen fruits.. However, there was no inhibition against fungi Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration values were 12.00, 12.50, and 11.00 mm (P<0.05) against S.aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Proteus.vulgaris and E.coli respectively. The activity was tested against three different concentrations such as 1000, 800,500 & 100ug/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration was also found at ethanolic extract at 100ug/ml.
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