BackgroundJapanese encephalitis has become a public health threat in Indonesia. Three genotypes have been recorded in Indonesia, i.e. genotype II (GII), genotype III (GIII) and genotype IV (GIV). Genotype I (GI) and genotype V (GV) have never been reported in Indonesia.ResultsA Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) belonging to the genotype I-a (GI-a) has been isolated for the first time from a Culex gelidus mosquito in the Province of Jambi, Indonesia. This virus is related to a 1983 isolate from Thailand whereas the infected Cx. gelidus mosquito belonged to a Chinese haplotype.ConclusionsSurveillance of JEV and mosquito dissemination is recommended.
A Study of The Effect of Mass Treatment of Repellent on Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). Larval populations was carried out during 14-week period at Laladon village Bogor. A total of 3684 respondents were treated and 202 houses were surveyed for house index (HI), container index (CI), and breteau index (BI). The results showed that long-term mass treatments were effective to decrease 64.85% of the HI, 27.15% CI and 13.57% of BI, up to three weeks after the last application of the repellent. Final checks which were done four weeks later resulted HI as low as 13.86%, CI 7.68%, and BI 3.84%, compared to those at the beginning of the survey which were 73.27%, 31.87% and 15.93%, respectively. KEY WORDS: Aedes aegypti, repellent, breteau index, container index, house index PENDAHULUAN Nyamuk Aedes aegypti (L.) Diptera : Culicidae), yang merupakan serangga vektor penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) berkembangbiak pada permukiman manusia. Penyakit DBD sejauh ini menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di kota-kota besar. Penanggulangan dan pencegahannya lebih banyak mengandalkan pada pemutusan rantai penularan melalui pengendalian A. aegypti dan A. albopictus yang keduanya berperan sebagai vektor penular DBD (WHO 2000). Upaya pengendalian nyamuk A. aegypti saat ini yang terpopuler adalah pengasapan dengan menggunakan insektisida dan gerakan 3 M yaitu menutup, menguras dan menimbun lokasi yang dapat menjadi tempat perkembangbiakan larva nyamuk. Bahkan sekarang, upaya tersebut telah berkembang menjadi 3M plus yaitu disertai dengan cara perlindungan diri lainnya yang dapat dilakukan oleh masyarakat seperti penggunaan anti nyamuk bakar, aerosol, repelen dan lainnya. Umumnya repelen adalah insektisida yang dapat mencegah gigitan nyamuk. Berbagai ragam formulasi produk repelen yang ada di
Several methods exist to collect and assess the abundance of dengue vector mosquitoes, i.e., morning adult collection, pupal collection, ovitraps, human landing, and larval collection. Several of these methods are officially implemented to monitor mosquito density and make decisions on treatments for dengue control. This monitoring is also constrained by the need to conduct this assessment on a “one point/one day” process, meaning that once the threshold of 100 households is reached, the assessment is made, and the collectors teams move to another place, thus preventing the use of long-term sampling methods. This diversity of methods might be a source of variability and lack of statistical significance. There is also a lack of published data regarding the efficacy of these methods. Furthermore, the Stegomyia indices are shown to be not reliable for assessing the risk of dengue outbreaks. A mosquito survey was, thus, conducted in 39 locations corresponding to 15 dengue endemic provinces in Indonesia by using the different adult and larval collection methods recommended nationwide. A total of 44,675 mosquitoes were collected. The single larva method was the most efficient. Out of a total of 89 dengue-positive pools, the most frequently encountered virus was DENV2, which made up half of the positive samples, followed by DENV3 and DENV1, respectively. Factor analysis of mixed data showed that no correlation could be found between any methods and the presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. Moreover, no correlation could be found between any methods and the incidence of dengue. There was no consistency in the efficacy of a given method from one site to another. There was no correlation between any of the parameters considered, i.e., method, incidence of dengue, location, and the presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes.
The combination of temephos and attractants from O.sativa was effective for lethal ovitrap in laboratory testing. However, the effectiveness of the field application needs further investigation. The study’s objective was to determine the influence of ovitrap installation sites, season variation, and attractant on lethal ovitrap efficacy. The study used a quasi-experimental design. Lethal ovitraps were installed indoors and outdoors in 102 houses and observed for 14 weeks. Statistical analysis was conducted with univariate analysis, independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney Test. The statistical analysis results showed no significant difference in positive ovitraps between LOA and LONA on indoor and outdoor applications. The number of positive ovitraps and trapped eggs was not affected by the attractant applied to the LO during indoor and outdoor observations. Lethal ovitrap can be used as a vector control instrument without the addition of attractants. The application of lethal ovitrap is more effective in the dry season when the mosquito population is lower than in the rainy season
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