KARAKTERISTIK LINGKUNGAN ABIOTIK DAN POTENSI KEBERADAAN Leptospira PATOGENIK DI AIR DALAM KEJADIAN LUAR BIASA LEPTOSPIROSIS DI KOTA SEMARANG

Nugroho, Arief; Joharina, Arum Sih; Susanti, Lulus

doi:10.22435/vk.v9i1.5317.37-42

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In urban area, other Leptospira (P1) contamination from water samples were detected in public toilet 66,7% [ 23 ], water canal from slaughterhouse 16,7% [ 29 ], rice field 8,3% [ 26 ], recreational lake 1,7% [ 27 ], open drainage around household between 1,9% − 36% [ 20 , 26 , 28 , 47 , 48 ], human drinking water 8% [ 45 ], household water storage between 4% − 17,2% [ 21 , 24 , 25 ], groundwater and well between 1,6% − 33,3% [ 21 , 22 , 25 , 46 ]. Pathogenic Leptospira (P1) were not detected in industrial drainage [ 48 ], the puddle at slaughterhouses [ 29 ], irrigation and dry canals near the market [ 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic Leptospira contamination in the environment: a systematic review

Sayanthi,

Susanna

2024

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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Background The pathogenic Leptospira is maintained in renal tubules of certain animals, mostly rodents, and excreted in the urine which can contaminate the environment. It is necessary to detect pathogenic Leptospira in environmental samples. Knowing the survival of Leptospira in the environment (water and soil) can provide an overview of where and how they can be transmitted to humans. Objective Therefore, this study aimed to provide a systematic overview of pathogenic Leptospira presence in water and soil environment, the various species of pathogenic Leptospira that are harmful for human, and the ability to survive using a systematic review method. Methods The search process used four databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and ProQuest. Furthermore, the articles sought were published from 2000 to July 2021, and 38 were analysed. Results The pathogenic Leptospira contamination in water was higher in urban areas, while soil samples were higher in rural areas. Various pathogenic Leptospira detected in the environment were L. alstonii, L. kmetyi, L. noguchii, and L. interrogans. Those pathogenic Leptospira can survive in water at 4–30°C and at pH < 7; in soil, it can survive at a humidity of < 20% and a pH < 6. Conclusion Urban and rural areas have the same risk for leptospirosis disease because pathogenic Leptospira (P1).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic Leptospira contamination in the environment: a systematic review

Sayanthi,

Susanna

2024

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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“…The presence of waste in the home environment has a risk of 8.46 times getting Leptospirosis, while the presence of garbage around the house has a risk of 10.9 times greater getting Leptospirosis compared to the condition where there is no waste. Open litter conditions have a 16.3 times greater risk of spreading Leptospirosis [22]. Leptospira bacteria were successfully detected in rat kidneys using the RT-PCR method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Leptospira Bacteria in Rats in Ciomas Sub-district, Bogor District, West Jawa Using Real-Time PCR Method

Gunawan¹,

Zamsiar²,

Wibowo³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference for Health Research – BRIN (ICHR 2022)

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Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria from the genus Leptospira. Leptospira bacteria can infect rats, dogs, cats, raccoons, cattle, horses, and other mammals. The main reservoir of leptospirosis in Indonesia is rats. Indonesia is a country with a high risk of developing leptospirosis, considering the occurrence of flooding and the presence of stagnant water, and poor drainage and sanitation conditions in several residential areas. This study aims to detect Leptospira spp. bacteria in kidney tissues of rats in the Ciomas Sub-district, Bogor District, West Java. This study was a descriptive-analytic study with a crosssectional design. Its survey was conducted in Batu City Village, Mekarjaya, and Parakan, Ciomas Sub-district. The rats caught were counted for density, identified the species, and taken kidney samples to be examined for the presence of Leptospira using the Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method. The density of rats in this study, which was based on the success of catching rats in Parakan Village, was 26%, Mekarjaya 17.3%, and Kota Batu 15.3%. The total number of rats caught was 88. The rat species caught were Rattus tanezumi (54.5%), Bandicota indica (21.6%), Rattus norvegicus (20.5%) and Mus musculus (3.4%). The results of the PCR test found that 22 out of 88 rat samples were positive for Leptospira. All species caught were positive for Leptospira with the following percentages, Bandicota indica (50%), Rattus norvegicus (27.3%), Rattus tanezumi (18.2%), and Mus musculus (4.5%). Leptospira bacteria were successfully detected in rat kidneys using the RT-PCR method. The public can increase their awareness by keeping the environment clean in an effort to prevent leptospirosis transmission.

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“…Tikus dapat dengan mudah memasuki rumah yang memiliki dahan atau ranting yang menjalar ke rumah hal ini dan keberadaan phon juga dapat menjadi tempat berlindung nagi tikus. 15 Berdasarkan penelitian Mayasari dkk di Desa Selo bahwa faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi jumlah tikus adalah adanya semak belukar yang berada disekitar rumah. 7 Hal ini diperkuat dengan penelitian Nordmeier di Otago Peninsula bahwa probabilitas kehadiran tikus menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan jumlah adanya vegetasi (p = 0,009).…”

Section: Keberadaan Vegetasi Dengan Keberadaan Tikusunclassified

Faktor Lingkungan Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Keberadaan Tikus Serta Identifikasi Bakteri Leptospira sp. di Pemukiman Sekitar Pasar Kota Semarang Tahun 2022

Husni,

Martini,

Suhartono

et al. 2023

Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia

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Latar belakang: Tikus memiliki potensi penularan Leptospirosis ke manusia. Pada tahun 2021 di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dilaporkan 34 orang penderita dengan jumlah kematian sebanyak 6 orang. Kota Semarang adalah salah satu wilayah endemis leptospirosis. Tahun 2021 Puskesmas Kedungmundu memiliki angka kasus Leptospirosis tertinggi di Kota Semarang (4 kasus), Puskesmas Candilama (3 kasus) dan Puskesmas Gayamsari (3 kasus). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI (2017) bahwa tingkat kepadatan tikus dapat dinilai dengan parameter success trap dengan nilai angka baku mutu sebesar <1%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor–faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepadatan tikus di permukiman sekitar Pasar Kedungmundu, Pasar Sisingamanggaraja, Pasar Gayamsari dan identifikasi bakteri Leptospira sp pada tikus yang tertangkap.Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional. Penelitian ini akan menggambarkan faktor – faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepadatan tikus di permukiman sekitar Pasar Kedungmundu, Pasar Sisingamangaraja, dan Pasar Gayamsari. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September – Oktober 2022. Pemeriksaan bakteri Leptospira sp. pada tikus menggunakan pemeriksaan mikroskopik medan gelap di Laboratorium FKM UNDIP.Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan pada variabel kondisi selokan (ρ = 0,016), kondisi TPS (ρ = 0,002), keberadaan vegetasi (ρ = 0,005), pencahayaan (ρ = 0,049), kelembaban (ρ = 0,597), suhu (ρ = 0,098) dan keberadaan predator (ρ = 0,028). Pemeriksaan bakteri leptospira sp. pada tikus di pemukiman sekitar pasar menunjukkan bahwa disetiap lokasi ada tikus positif leptospira dengan persentase tertinggi di pemukiman sekitar Pasar Kedungmundu 95% (19 dari 20 tikus yang tertangkap).Simpulan: Ada hubungan antara kondisi selokan, kondisi TPS, suhu, kelembaban, pencahayaan, dan keberadaan predator dengan kepadatan tikus di permukiman sekitar Pasar Kota Semarang tahun 2022. Hasil pemeriksaan bakteri Leptospira sp, pada tikus banyak terdapat di pemukiman sekitar Pasar Kedungmundu. Sebaiknya masyarakat di pemukiman sekitar pasar untuk lebih memperhatikan kebersihan lingkungan tempat tinggal. ABSTRACT Title: Environmental Factors Influencing the Presence of Rats and Identification of Leptospira sp. Bacteria in Settlements Around Semarang City Wet Market 2022Background: Rats have the potential to transmit Leptospirosis disease to manusi a. In 2021 in CentralJava Provinsi reported 34 sufferers with 6 deaths. Semarang City is one of the endemic areas of leptospirosis. In 2021, Puskesmas Kedungmundu has the highest number of Leptospirosis cases in Semarang City (4 cases), Candilama Health Center (3 cases) and Gayamsari Health Center (3 cases). Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (2017) that the level of rat density can be assessed with a success trap parameter with a quality standard score value of <1%. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors related to rat density in the settlements around Kedungmundu Market, Sisingamanggaraja Market, Gayamsari Market and the identification of Leptospira sp in caught rats. Method: The design of this study is cross sectional. This study will describe factors related to rat density in settlements around Kedungmundu Market, Sisingamangaraja Market, and Pasar Gayamsari. This research was conducted in September – October 2022. Examination of bacteria Leptospira sp. In rats using dark field microscopic examination at the FKM UNDIP Laboratory.Results: The results of this study were related to the variables of sewer conditions (ρ = 0.016), TPS conditions (ρ = 0.002), vegetation presence (ρ = 0.005), lighting (ρ = 0.049), humidity (ρ = 0.597), temperature (ρ = 0.098) and predatory presence(ρ = 0.028). Examination of bacteria leptospira sp. in rats in settlements around the market showed that at each location there were leptospira positive mice with the highest percentage in settlements around Pasar Kedungmundu 95% (19 out of 20 mice caught). Conclusion: There is a relationship between sewer conditions, TPS conditions, temperature, humidity, lighting, and the presence of predators with rat density in settlementsaround SemarangCity in 2022. The results of the examination of Leptospira sp bacteria, in rats are widely found in settlements around Kedungmundu Market. People should pay more attention to the cleanliness of the temp at living environment.

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KARAKTERISTIK LINGKUNGAN ABIOTIK DAN POTENSI KEBERADAAN Leptospira PATOGENIK DI AIR DALAM KEJADIAN LUAR BIASA LEPTOSPIROSIS DI KOTA SEMARANG

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Pathogenic Leptospira contamination in the environment: a systematic review

Pathogenic Leptospira contamination in the environment: a systematic review

Detection of Leptospira Bacteria in Rats in Ciomas Sub-district, Bogor District, West Jawa Using Real-Time PCR Method

Faktor Lingkungan Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Keberadaan Tikus Serta Identifikasi Bakteri Leptospira sp. di Pemukiman Sekitar Pasar Kota Semarang Tahun 2022

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