Purworejo is the endemic area of malaria with the highest case increase occurring in 2015 amounted to 1411 cases. Appropriate control can be performed effectively based on vector bionomics. The aims of study were to determine species, behavior, resistance, and control methods of malaria vectors. Methods were larva andmosquitoes collection, breeding place of mosquitoes surveys, resistance of mosquito and evaluation of the effectiveness of vector control. The research was conducted in Sendangsari Village, Bener District, Purworejo Regency The result of the research showed that An. barbirostris sucked blood indoor, outdoor, and cage. An. balabacensis sucked blood indoor and cage. An. maculatus, An. aconitus, An. kochi, An. Indifinitus, and An. fagus were found to suck blood in the cage. An. maculatus showed resistance to insecticide permetrin 0,75% Indoor Residual spraying (IRS) and the use of insecticide treated bed nets were the vector control perfomed in the area of study. The breeding place of mosquito were in hole around unused fields and pond. Based on bioassay test, the effectiveness of IRS application for one months were not effectively kill An. maculatus while the use of mosquito nets for three months were still effectively kill An. maculatus.
Forests are ecosystems that can support the existence of malaria vectors. The discovery of vector species in the forest environment will increase malaria transmission in the forest and its surroundings. The provinces of South Sumatra, Central Java, Central Sulawesi, and Papua are some of the provinces in Indonesia that still have forest ecosystems. The aim of the study was to know the diversity of Anopheles species and risk of malaria transmission in forest ecosystems in the provinces of South Sumatra, Central Java, Central Sulawesi, and Papua The sampling of mosquitoes was carried out by using the method of human landing collection, animal bited trap, around cattle collection, resting morning and light trap. Larva surveys are carried out in mosquito breeding place. Detection of plasmodium was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) while blood feed analysis was carried out with a blood feed test using the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Malaria vector species found in forest ecosystems in Central Java are Anopheles maculatus, Anopheles aconitus, Anopheles vagus, Anopheles balabacensis, and Anopheles subpictus. Malaria vector species in the forest ecosystem in South Sumatra are Anopheles nigerimus and Anopheles maculatus. Anopheles malaria vectors in forest environments in Central Sulawesi are Anopheles flavirostris, Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles ludlowae, and Anopheles vagus. Anopheles malaria vectors in forest ecosystems in Papua are Anopheles farauti, Anopheles koliensis, Anopheles punctulatus, and Anopheles brancofti. Forest presence is at risk of malaria transmission in the provinces of Central Java, South Sumatra, South Sulawesi and Papua Abstrak Hutan merupakan ekosistem yang dapat mendukung keberadaan vektor malaria. Ditemukannya spesies vektor di lingkungan hutan akan meningkatkan penularan malaria di hutan dan sekitarnya. Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, Jawa Tengah, Sulawesi Tengah, dan Papua merupakan beberapa Provinsi di Indonesia yang masih memiliki ekosistem hutan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui keanekaragaman spesies Anopheles dan risiko penularan malaria pada ekosistem hutan di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, Jawa Tengah, Sulawesi Tengah, dan Papua. Pengambilan sampel nyamuk dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode human landing collection, animal bited trap, around cattle collection, resting morning dan light trap. Deteksi plasmodium dilakukan dengan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) sedangan analisa pakan darah dilakukan dengan uji pakan darah metode Enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Survei jentik dilakukan di tempat-tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk. Spesies vektor malaria yang ditemukan di ekosistem hutan di Jawa Tengah adalah Anopheles maculatus, Anopheles aconitus, Anopheles vagus, Anopheles balabacensis, dan Anopheles subpictus. Spesies vektor malaria di ekosistem hutan di Sumatera Selatan adalah Anopheles nigerimus dan An. maculatus. Anopheles vektor malaria di lingkungan hutan di Sulawesi Tengah adalah Anopheles flavirostris, Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles ludlowae dan An. vagus. Anopheles vektor malaria pada ekosistem hutan di Papua adalah Anopheles farauti, Anopheles koliensis, Anopheles punctulatus, dan Anopheles brancofti. Keberadaan hutan berisiko terjadinya penularan malaria di Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Sumatera Selatan, Sulawesi Selatan, dan Papua.
Central Java Province is one of the provinces with considerable dengue cases in Indonesia. One of the strategic efforts that have been implemented is controlling mosquitoes with fogging and larviciding with temephos at water reservoirs. However, cases remain increase or outbreaks occur in several districts/cities. The study was conducted to determine the causes of the high dengue fever cases in Central Java Province as to improve the implementation of such programs. Data related to the implementation of vector control were collected from various sources. The results showed that the PSN program in several districts did not optimally run because the community did not routinely do it. Larviciding with temephos was only carried out in the event of outbreaks and in the endemic areas. Fogging, which should be implemented in two cycles, was generally implemented only in one cycle due to limited insecticides availability and wide area coverage. It can be concluded that the high dengue fever cases in Central Java Province was caused by the gap between the program and the implementation in the field. ABSTRAKProvinsi Jawa Tengah merupakan salah satu provinsi yang menyumbang kasus demam berdarah dengue (DBD) cukup besar di Indonesia. Salah satu upaya strategis yang telah dilakukan adalah mengendalikan nyamuk dengan pengasapan dan larvasidasi dengan temephos pada Tempat Penampungan Air (TPA). Upaya tersebut belum memberikan hasil yang optimal karena masih terjadi peningkatan kasus atau Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) di beberapa kabupaten/kota. Kajian secara deskriptif dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran permasalahan tingginya kasus DBD di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dalam rangka perbaikan dan pengembangan kebijakan pengendalian vektor DBD. Data dan informasi yang dikumpulkan berupa dokumen yang meliputi pelaksanaan pemberantasan sarang nyamuk (PSN), larvasidasi yang dilakukan, fogging, dan data lain yang berkaitan dengan pengendalian vektor. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa program PSN tidak berjalan optimal di beberapa kabupaten di Jawa Tengah karena masyarakat tidak melakukannya secara rutin. Larvasidasi dengan temephos hanya dilakukan pada saat terjadi KLB dan hanya di daerah endemis DBD. Fogging pada umumnya dilakukan hanya dalam satu siklus kehidupan vektor, yang mana seharusnya dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Hal ini disebabkan karena keterbatasan insektisida dan cakupan wilayah cukup luas. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingginya DBD di Provinsi Jawa Tengah disebabkan adanya kesenjangan antara program yang telah dicanangkan dengan implementasi di lapangan. Kata kunci: Vektor DBD, larvasidasi, pengasapan PENDAHULUAN Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) pada awalnya hanya ditemukan di beberapa provinsi, namun saat ini sudah ditemukan hampir di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia. Sejak tahun 1968 hingga 2015, jumlah kabupaten/kota yang terjangkit meningkat signifikan dari dua kabupaten/kota dari dua provinsi menjadi 436 kabupaten/kota dari 34 provinsi. Jumlah kasus DBD cenderung fluktuatif (Kementrian Kesehatan RI 2016). Kejadian luar biasa (KLB) DBD pada tah...
Tembalang Subdistrict is still ranked as the first highest IR Dengue in Semarang City in 2014-2016. Incidence rate of dengue in Tembalang Sub District in 2016 was Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) IR 166.89/100,000 population with Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 1.02%. The Semarang City Government has implemented PERDA No.5 of 2010 concerning DHF control with the establishment of special larvae monitoring officers namely Semantik (Semarang Bebas Jentik) and Gasurkes (Health Surveillance Officer) to conduct routine larval monitoring and socialize PSN-3M Plus. However, dengue cases in Tembalang District continue to exist.The purpose of the study was to identify behavioral factors related to monitoring larva presence in Tembalang District, Semarang City. This study is based on the cross sectional method, with quota sampling was used to recruit 100 respondents. The criteria for the case were the latest DHF cases recorded in the Semarang City Health Office Data (January to September 2017). Samples were taken in quota with 100 respondents. Data were analyzed by analytic descriptive using chi-square analysis and odds ratio. The results showed behavioral factors to monitor larvae routinely related to the results of larvae examination (p <0,05) with risk factors OR = 5,02 and form observations obtained ABJ in Tembalang District by 89% in 2017. This needs additional attention in the larva monitoring procedure by Semantics and Gasurkes. The more complete the quality of the larvae examination, the existence of larvae can be eradicated, so that the incidence of DHF can be prevented
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