The present study evaluated some cryoprotectants and concentrations for curimba (Prochilodus lineatus) semen preservation from a simple methodology of analysis of sperm morphology. Semen of nine males was diluted (1:4) into eight cryosolutions, all of them containing 5% of BTS™ Minitüb, still comprising methanol or dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) at four concentrations: 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 12.5%. Morphological sperm analysis was performed on an optical microscope at × 1000 magnification. Damages on the head, midpiece and tail rest (the main and terminal portions) were investigated and classified as primary or secondary, according to the assumed influence on fertilization. There was a linear reduction in the total damages with an increase in the cryoprotectant concentration. Samples with DMSO showed the lowest percentage of fractured tails and tail stumps. The cryopreservation protocol retained the fertilizing potential of the sperm after freezing and both methanol 5% and DMSO 7.5% conferred adequate protection to the curimba sperm cells. Sperm morphology, as pointed out here, must be incorporated into routine fish sperm (cryopreserved or not) analysis once sperm defects influence fertilization directly. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report on curimba sperm damages after cryopreservation by optical microscopy. The classification model presented in this study can be adequate to tackle fish sperm damages.

RESUMO -Os objetivos neste experimento foram avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de extrato de orégano (EO) como aditivo promotor de crescimento nas rações sobre o desempenho, o sistema imune (peso e tamanho da bursa de Fabricius, peso do baço e do timo), as características anatomo-fisiológicas do trato gastrointestinal (altura de vilosidade, profundidade de cripta e suas relações), a microbiologia do ceco e o pH do duodeno e do ceco de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 1.440 pintos de corte machos Cobb 500, em duas fases de criação (1 a 21 e 1 a 42 dias de idade), distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e oito repetições de 30 aves. Utilizou-se ração basal (RB) para as três fases de criação (1 a 21, 22 a 35 e 36 a 42 dias de idade), constituindo os seguintes tratamentos: T1 -RB; T2 -RB com antibiótico (25 ppm de bacitracina de zinco); T3 -RB com 0,025% EO; T4 -RB com 0,050% EO; T5 -RB com 0,075% EO; e T6 -RB com 0,100% EO. Observou-se que os tratamentos não influenciaram o desempenho e os pHs dos conteúdos duodenal e cecal das aves nas duas fases de criação. As variáveis de imunidade e avaliação anatomo-fisiológica do trato gastrointestinal aos 21 dias não apresentaram diferenças. Apenas o peso do baço e a altura de vilosidade aos 42 dias de idade foram influenciados pelos tratamentos. Houve redução no número de bactérias no ceco das aves à medida que se elevou o conteúdo do extrato de orégano nas rações, indicando que houve ação antimicrobiana dos componentes deste extrato. Na condição em que foi realizado o experimento, o uso do extrato de orégano como aditivo promotor de crescimento não ocasionou efeito diferente dos demais tratamentos (antibiótico e testemunha).Palavras-chave: aditivo, extrato de orégano, frango de corte, promotor de crescimento Oregan Extract as an Additive in the Broiler DietABSTRACT -The objectives of this trial were to evaluate the efficacy of oregan extract (OE), as growth promoter, in the diets, on performance, immune system (bursa Fabricius weight and volume, spleen weight and thymus weight), anatomic-physiological parameters of the gastrointestinal tract (villy height, crypta depth and villy:crypta ratio), caecum microbiological analysis, and duodenum and caecum pH. One thousand and fourty male Cobb 500 chicks, in two growing phases (1 to 21 and 1 to 42 days old) were randomly assigned to six treatments and eight replicates of 30 broilers. The basal diet (BD) was fed during the three phases (1 to 21, 22 to 35 and 36 to 42 days old), according to the following treatments: T1 -BD, T2 -BD with antibiotic (25 ppm zinc bacitracin), T3 -BD with 0.025% OE, T4 -BD with 0.050% OE, T5 -BD with 0.075% OE, and T6 -BD with 0.100% OE. No effect of treatments on broiler performance and duodenum and caecum pH in both phases was observed. The immunity system and anatomic-physiological parameters of gastrointestinal tract were not affected by the treatments, during the first phase. At 42 days old, only the spleen weight and villy height were affected by treatments. Dec...

Amostras de sêmen de cinco espécimes de Prochilodus lineatus (Valencienes, 1847) foram utilizadas para avaliação dos efeitos tóxicos e crioprotetores de seis soluções à base de BTS (Beltsville Thawing Solution®) 4,5% enriquecidas com metanol e DMSO nas concentrações de 10% (A = BTS 4,5% + Metanol 10%; B = BTS 4,5% + DMSO 10%; C = BTS 4,5% + KCl 0,072% + metanol 10%; D = BTS 4,5% + KCl 0,072% + DMSO 10%; E = BTS 4,5% + KI 0,036% + metanol 10%; e F = BTS 4,5% + KI 0,036% + DMSO 10%). Foram avaliadas ainda três soluções ativadoras (água destilada, NaHCO3 60 mM e NaHCO3 119 mM), antes e após o congelamento. Estudaram-se a taxa e a duração da motilidade espermática. Não houve diferença significativa entre as soluções crioprotetoras utilizadas. O sêmen ativado por NaHCO3 60 e 119 mM apresentou as maiores taxas de motilidade espermática. A ativação por NaHCO3 119 mM possibilitou as maiores durações de motilidade no sêmen de P. lineatus.

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-The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of photoperiod on locomotor activity, growth and gonadal development in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. A completely randomised design was used, with five treatments (0L:24D, 6L:18D, 12L:12D, 18L:6D and 24L:0D) and four replicates, with the aquarium as the experimental unit. One hundred and sixty fingerlings of tilapia weighing 3.21±0.05 g and measuring 4.35±0.07 cm each were distributed among 20 aquaria of 20 L in a recirculation system with the temperature controlled to 27 °C, with eight fish per aquarium. Feeding was carried out twice daily for 75 days, with extruded feed containing 40% crude protein. The fingerlings subjected to a photoperiod of 12L:12D as well as those under 18L:6D and 24L:0D showed the greatest locomotor activity, whereas those under 6L:18D and 0L:24D showed the lowest activity. Fish subjected to a photoperiod of 18L:6D and 24L:0D showed the highest levels of performance. However, manipulation of the photoperiod did not influence the gonadal development, survival or the appearance of deformities in juvenile Nile tilapia. Under long photoperiods (18L:6D and 24L:0D), fish direct their energy to somatic growth and induce best feed efficiency.

RESUMO -Trinta e cinco machos de tilápia com peso médio de 205 g foram mantidos em caixas de 250 litros para avaliar o metabolismo lipídico de tilápias-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). O experimento foi conduzido durante 30 dias, entre os meses de outubro e novembro de 2006. Foram avaliadas cinco dietas, cada uma contendo óleo de oliva, óleo de milho, óleo de soja, óleo de linhaça ou óleo de peixe. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e sete repetições. Avaliaram-se a composição química, o perfil lipídico muscular e a atividade hepática de glicose-6-P desidrogenase (G6PD) e enzima málica. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância com médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott (5%). Não houve diferenças significativas para os teores de umidade e cinzas, porém, foram observadas alterações nos teores de lipídios e proteína nos peixes alimentados com as rações contendo óleo de oliva, milho ou soja. O fornecimento de dietas ricas em ácidos graxos poliinsaturados aumentou a composição desses ácidos graxos nos peixes. A atividade da G6PD foi superior à da enzima málica e foi mais alta nos animais alimentados com rações contendo óleos de oliva, milho ou soja, o que evidencia maior deposição lipídica muscular nesses peixes. plus soybean oil; control diet plus linseed oil; control diet plus fish oil. The experiment was in a completely randomized design with five treatments and seven replicates. The evaluated parameters were: fatty acid profile of the muscle tissue and hepatic activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malic enzyme (ME). The data were submitted to variance analysis and the means of the treatments were compared by Scott-Knott's test (5% of significance). The fish fed on a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids presented increased contents of such fat acids in their lipid muscle composition. The hepatic activity of G6PD was superior to that of ME, being higher in the specimen fed rations containing olive, corn and soybean oil, thus, evidencing the highest lipid muscle deposition of these fish.Key Words: fish, lipid, nutrition, oil IntroduçãoOs lipídios são importantes componentes da dieta e fornecem de maneira eficiente energia e ácidos graxos essenciais, no entanto, dietas com altos teores de lipídio podem influenciar o metabolismo animal e a composição da carcaça, com acúmulo indesejável de gordura.Em peixes, assim como em outras espécies de animais monogástricos, a composição lipídica tecidual reflete a alimentação e pode ser alterada pela manipulação da dieta. As fontes de ácidos graxos mais utilizadas na alimentação animal são as de origem vegetal, encontradas no mercado a preços mais acessíveis. Os óleos vegetais, como os de oliva, milho e soja, representam fontes ricas em ácidos graxos monoinsaturados e poliinsaturados ômega-6 (PUFAs ômega-6) e os de linhaça e de peixe constituem fontes de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ômega-3 (PUFAs ômega-3).

No abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Pyrrhulina larvae, Pyrrhulina brevis, under different photoperiods and feeding frequencies. A completely randomized design was used, with four replicates in a 5 × 2 factorial, with five photoperiods (6L:18D, 12L:12D, 16L:8D, 20L:4D, 24L:0D) and two feeding frequencies (two or four times a day). Four hundred larvae with an initial length of 4.6 ± 0.09 mm were randomly distributed in 40, 1‐L containers at a density of 10 larvae/L. Feeding was performed with Artemia nauplii in the ratio of 150 Artemia nauplii/larva/feeding. After 15 days, all larvae were euthanized for measurements of length (mm), final weight (mg), survival rate (%) and larvae uniformity in weight an length (%). The data were subjected to analysis of variance and subsequently, in case of significance, a Tukey test was performed to compare means. There was no interaction between photoperiod and feeding frequency on studied variables (P > 0.05). Likewise, there was no influence of feed rate on the same variables (P > 0.05). There was only influence of photoperiod, where the larvae subjected to longest photoperiods (24L:0D and 20L:4D) showed improved weight and length (P < 0.05). Therefore, a photoperiod of 20L:4E, with feeding twice a day is recommended.