Dugesia tigrina is a non-parasitic platyhelminth, which has been recently utilized in pharmacological models, regarding the nervous system, as it presents a wide sensitivity to drugs. Our trials aimed to propose a model for an in vivo screening of substances with inhibitory activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Trials were performed with four drugs commercialized in Brazil: donepezil, tacrine, galantamine and rivastigmine, utilized in the control of Alzheimer's disease, to inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase. We tested five concentrations of the drugs, with an exposure of 24 h, and the mortality and the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase planarian seizure-like activity (pSLA) and planarian locomotor velocity (pLMV) were measured. Galantamine showed high anticholinesterasic activity when compared to the other drugs, with a reduction of 0.05 µmol¨min´1 and 63% of convulsant activity, presenting screw-like movement and hypokinesia, with pLMV of 65 crossed lines during 5 min. Our results showed for the first time the anticholinesterasic and convulsant effect, in addition to the decrease in locomotion induced by those drugs in a model of invertebrates. The experimental model proposed is simple and low cost and could be utilized in the screening of substances with anticholinesterasic action.

Plants and their parts are a part of life in many brazilian communities, as observed in the jackfruit. The jackfruit seeds are consumed usually as roasted, boiled, steamed, and are eaten as a snack. The present study was carried out to identify the antioxidant, radical scavenging activity and total phenolic compounds of Artocarpus heterophyllus seeds using different screening tests. Total antioxidant activity was determined by ferric thiocyanate method (FTC), which was shortly followed by complexing of fosfomolybdenium method (FSB) determined in sequence with total reductive capability (TRC), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (HPS), DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and Total phenolic content (TPC) by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent assay method. The percentage of inhibition linoleic acid peroxidation by CEE (ethanolic extract), HF (hexanic extract), CHLF (chloroform extract) and EAF (ethyl acetate extract) (90.53, 70.23, 68.72 and 92.03%, respectively), in method using prussian blue antioxidant potential for EAF (89,05%) presented antioxidant activity greater than the standard rutin (82.3%). Highest total antioxidant activity was exerted by the ethanolic extract of A. heterophyllus seeds, and lowest by its EAF (188.83%). In evaluating the antioxidant activity by the hidrogen peroxide scavenging activity, it was observed that the CHLF and HF extracts showed scavenging activity above 50% (83.3 and 83.5%, respectively). The EC 50 (free radical scavenger) values of CEE, HF, CHLF and EAF were 76.71, 399.64, 534.83 and 65.51 μg/ml, respectively, and the highest total phenolic content appeared to be present in 125 µg/ml of EAF. The results of all the sources were found to be highly significant. Further investigation for isolation and identification of the phytoconstituents responsible for antioxidant activity is desirable. A. heterophyllus seeds in the regular diets could improve the antioxidant status of human beings.

Senna ocidentalis is a weed, native to Brazil, considered to infest crops and plantations, and is responsible for yield losses of several crops, particularly soybean. The aim of this work was to evaluate if the Croton argenteus extract and fractions possess phytotoxic activity on S. ocidentalis. The crude ethanolic extract (CEE) and its hexanic (HF), chloroformic (CLF) and ethyl acetate (EAF) fractions were tested in germination, growth, oxidative stress increase, Adenosine triphosphate, L-malate and succinate synthesis. The crude extract and its fractions slowed down the germination of S. ocidentalis and decreased the final percentage of germination. Oxidative stress was also increased in the seedlings, by an increase of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and lipid peroxidation; and it became clear that the ethyl acetate fraction was more phytotoxic. The results indicate that the crude extract and fractions of C. argenteus compromise the mitochondrial energy metabolism, by the inhibition of mitochondrial ATP production, with a decrease in the production of L-malate and succinate. The ethyl acetate fraction of C. argenteus showed high activity on germination and growth, and these effects take place by means of mitochondrial metabolism alterations and increase the oxidative stress, leading the seedling death.

Volatile oils of Microlobius foetidus were used for the evaluation of mortality, trypsin, chymotrypsin and acetylcholine inhibition and Aedes aegypti morphology. Bioassays were made with different concentrations (25, 50 and 100 μg/ml) and alterations in the gut of 4th stage larvae were observed. Volatile oils affected larvae in all stages, with 100% mortality for the 100 μg/ml concentration (LD 50 >33.02). The acute toxic unit (2.7 μg/ml), chronic toxic unit (32.68 μg/ml) and toxic load (2.7 μg/ml) confirm the sensibility of the 4th stage larvae. These larvae and 3rd presented a lesser trypsin (0.176 μmol/min), chymotrypsin (0.110 μmol/min) and acetylcholinesterase (0.172 μmol/min) synthesis. Larvae of the 4th stage also had their internal morphology observed, and the main alterations were discontinuity of the peritrophic epithelium, thickening of the peritrophic membrane, decrease/increase of the subjacent epithelium and decrease of endoperitrophic space were observed in the mid gut. The results show the repellent activity of the volatile oils of M. foetidus, with a retardation of overall growth, that are associated with the inhibition of the trypsin and chymotrypsin synthesis. Mortality and enzymatic inhibition in all developmental stages confirm the insecticide potential of M. foetidus.

Based on medicinal use of Dalbergia species, the present study aimed to evaluate D. brasiliensis leaves and barks crude extracts and fractions' antioxidant and phytotoxic potential, employing allelopathic essays and 3 antioxidant essays: Phosphomolybdenum complex reduction, DPPH free radical scavenging and TBARS (lipid peroxidation). Concerning Phosphomolybdenum complex reduction potential, leaves chloroform fraction (LCF) and barks ethyl acetate fraction (BEAF) overcame rutin's reduction potential in 90% and 23%. DPPH essay revealed leaves ethyl acetate fraction (LEAF) antioxidant potential (IC 50 de 40,629 µg/mL), given standards ascorbic acid (IC 50 = 4,503 µg/mL) and rutin (IC 50 = 7,330 µg/mL) activities. TBARS essay demonstrated that leaves hexane fraction (LHF) (51%) and barks ethyl acetate fraction (BEAF) (41%) stand out when compared to BHT antioxidant activity (54%). Regarding phytotoxicity, the lowest crude extracts and fractions concentration (250 µg/mL) employed were able to inhibit L. sativa and A. cepa primary root initial growth, specially leaves hexane fraction (LHF) and leaves chloroform fraction (LCF). Dalbergia brasiliensis fractions might function as stress inhibitors in oxidant systems and alter meristem cellular division, due to present substances' activity.

RESUMO:Ao longo dos últimos anos assistimos um aumento no uso e valorização de prescrições de fórmulas magistrais envolvendo dermocosméticos, constituídos geralmente por substâncias que auxiliam a pele a manter-se em perfeitas condições, ou seja, hidratada e saudável. Dentre estas substâncias destacam-se as de origem vegetal, utilizadas principalmente para o tratamento de pele ressecada, como por exemplo, a manteiga de manga (Mangifera indica), pertencente à família Anacardiaceae. A substância é extraída do caroço do fruto da manga, composta quimicamente por uma mistura de ácidos graxos que justica suas propriedades emolientes e regeneradoras da epiderme, o que levou ao desenvolvimento de uma emulsão base para sua incorporação. Foram analisadas as propriedades físicas-químicas incluindo a avaliação sensorial desta emulsão, conrmando o potencial hidratante da manteiga de manga, uma vez que 97% dos voluntários sentiram sua pele protegida após o uso.Palavras Chave: Avaliação Sensorial, Dermoformulação, Manteiga de Manga. ABSTRACT:Over the past few years we've been seeing a growing trend to use and recovery prescription formulas masterful in dealing with skin care. These products are usually made of substances that help to keep skin in perfect condition, ie, hydrated and healthy. Among such substances has been seconded from the plant for the treatment of dry skin. In this context, is the mango butter (Mangifera indica), the family of Anacardiaceae, a raw material extracted from the seed of the fruit of mango, chemically composed of a mixture of fatty acids that justies its emollient properties and regenerating the epidermis. This raw material led to the development of an emulsion base for its incorporation. In the sensory evaluation of the emulsion, it is conrmed the potential of moisturizing mango butter, since 97% of volunteers felt their skin protected after use.

Introdução: O trato gastrointestinal é envolvido por um complexo sistema que tem suma importância no cotidiano na homeostasia intestinal. O intestino é responsável pela produção da serotonina e a baixa e/ou alta concentração desse hormônio, talvez seja, o causador da doença diverticulite. Objetivo: mostrar a hipótese da serotonina na doença diverticulite. Metodologia: Foi realizado o levantamento bibliográfico para construção dessa revisão integrativa nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed (via National Library of Medicine), ScienceDirect (Elsevier), SCOPUS (Elsevier) e SciELO.ORG e google acadêmico. Resultado: Foram encontrados 88 artigos seguindo os métodos de pesquisa, nenhum dos artigos foram excluídos, então foram divididos entre os autores, lidos por completos, restando 7 para construção das pesquisas, sendo apresentado na tabela com a principal hipótese dos autores. Conclusão: Devido a carência das pesquisas e as delimitações dos estudos relacionando serotonina e as doenças gastrointestinais, esse artigo demonstrou que é fundamental desenvolver mais estudos para evidenciar a real relação do surgimento dessa patologia com hormônio qual como hipótese da 5-hidroxitriptamina na inflamação da diverticulite.

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão integrativa narrativa sobre plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANC), que apresentam ação inibitória da enzima acetilcolinesterase, utilizando para isso as bases de dados mais consultadas na atualidade; Alencar os metabolitos identificados nas espécies alimentícias não convencionais com aplicação anticolinesterasica. Métodos: Levantamento de artigos que abordaram estudos de plantas nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, Tandfoline, Springer link, Scopus, ScienceDirect, e demais sites de busca acadêmica sem restrição de idioma e ano, utilizando os descritores e DeCS (Descritores em Ciências da Saúde). Resultados: Foram identificados 128 estudos, dos quais 22 foram selecionados para esta revisão. Conclusão: O caminho a ser percorrido é longo, até agora não sabemos em que momento um novo fármaco chegara para auxiliar no tratamento dessa doença, nesse meio tempo várias pesquisas surgem com proposito no tratamento, acessível da Doença de Alzheimer e essa pesquisa servira como base para futuros autores na busca de marcadores químicos para tratamento da Alzheimer e plantas alimenticias.