SUMMARY:The southern Brazilian coast is the major fishery ground for the Brazilian sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis), a species responsible for up to 40% of marine fish catches in the region. Fish spawning and recruitment are locally influenced by seasonal advection of nutrient-rich waters from both inshore and offshore sources. Plankton communities are otherwise controlled by regenerative processes related to the oligotrophic nature of the Tropical Water from the Brazil Current. As recorded in other continental margins, zooplankton species diversity increases towards outer shelf and open ocean waters. Peaks of zooplankton biomass and ichthyoplankton abundance are frequent on the inner shelf, either at upwelling sites or off large estuarine systems. However, meandering features of the Brazil Current provide an additional mechanism of upward motion of the cold and nutrient-rich South Atlantic Central Water, increasing phyto-and zooplankton biomass and production on mid-and outer shelves. Cold neritic waters originating off Argentina, and subtropical waters from the Subtropical Convergence exert a strong seasonal influence on zooplankton and ichthyoplankton distribution towards more southern areas. This brief review highlights the need for further experimental studies on zooplankton life cycle strategies in order to understand the major processes controlling food web dynamics in this shelf ecosystem.Keywords: zooplankton, ichthyoplankton, distribution, biomass, water masses, upwelling, continental shelf, south-western Atlantic Ocean. RESUMEN: INFLUENCIA DE LOS PROCESOS FÍSICOS EN LA DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL ZOOPLANCTON E ICTIOPLANCTON: UNA REVISIÓN DE LOS ESTUDIOS REALIZADOS ENLA COSTA SUR DE BRASIL. -La costa sur de Brasil representa la principal zona de pesca de la sardina brasileña (Sardinella brasiliensis), especie responsable de más del 40% de las capturas de especies marinas de la región. El desove y el reclutamiento están influenciados localmente por la advección estacional de aguas ricas en nutrientes procedentes tanto de fuentes costeras como oceánicas. Por otro lado, las comunidades planctónicas son controladas por procesos regenerativos asociados a la naturaleza oligotrófica del Agua Tropical procedente de la Corriente de Brasil. Como se ha observado para otros márgenes continentales, la diversidad de especies del zooplancton aumenta hacia las aguas de la plataforma externa y de océano abierto. Máximos en la biomasa de zooplancton y la abundancia de ictioplancton son frecuentes en la plataforma interna, tanto en afloramientos como en grandes sistemas estuáricos. No obstante, la formación de meandros en la Corriente de Brasil proporciona un mecanismo adicional para la ascensión de las aguas frías y ricas en nutrientes del Atlántico Sur Central, aumentando la biomasa fito-y zooplanctónica y la producción en la plataforma media y externa. Las aguas neríticas frías procedentes del estuario de La Plata y las aguas subtropicales de la Convergencia Subtropical ejercen una fuerte influencia en la distribución del zoopl...

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RESUMO:Conhecida como carapiá, a espécie Dorstenia multiformis Miquel, Moraceae, é largamente empregada na medicina popular contra doenças de pele. Neste trabalho determinouse a atividade antioxidante de substâncias isoladas, do extrato etanólico, e frações hexano, clorofórmio e acetato de etila. Todas as amostras testadas apresentaram atividade antioxidante, sendo que a fração clorofórmio foi a que apresentou maior atividade antioxidante.Unitermos: Dorstenia multiformis, fi toquímica, atividade antioxidante, carapiá.ABSTRACT. "Contribution to the phytochemical study of Dorstenia multiformis Miquel (Moraceae) with approach in antioxidant activity". The species Dorstenia multiformis Miquel, Moraceae, known as "carapiá", is largely employed in folk medicine against skin diseases. In this paper the antioxidant activity of isolated substances, from the ethanol extract, and hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions has been determined. All of the tested samples showed antioxidant activity, and the chloroform fraction was the one that presented the largest antioxidant activity.

Bay whiffs, Citharichthys spilopterus, were sampled in Mamanguá Inlet between March 1990 and March 1992 for evaluation of its reproductive dynamic. Bay whiffs presented a crescent gradient of abundance from the deepest to the shallowest stations. The mean total length by oceanographic station showed a clear tendency of a relationship between bigger sizes and higher depths. Males predominated along the studied period and on the smallest length groups. Higher values of alometric condition factor, gonadosomatic relationship and spawning stage of maturity indicated a higher degree of development of the gonads on March and November. Histological analysis showed spawning females in March and May 1990 in the stations closer to the mouth of the Inlet, and spawned females with old post-ovulatory follicles and high frequency of atresia at shallow stations, suggesting a migration to shallow and protected areas after spawning. Length of first gonadal maturation was 117 mm TL. We could conclude that C. spilopterus completes its life cycle within the Mamanguá Inlet, spawning during autumn (March to May) and possibly November.
Espécimes de Citharichthys spilopterus foram coletados no saco do Mamanguá entre março de 1990 e março de 1992 para avaliação de sua dinâmica populacional e reprodutiva. Os linguados apresentaram um gradiente crescente de abundância da estação mais profunda para a mais rasa. A média do comprimento total por estação oceanográfica mostrou uma tendência de relação entre maiores tamanhos e maiores profundidades. Os machos foram predominantes durante o período de estudo e nas menores classes de comprimento. Altos valores de fator de condição alométrico, relação gonadossomática e estádios mais adiantados de maturidade gonadal indicaram alto grau de desenvolvimento das gônadas em março e novembro. Análises histológicas mostraram fêmeas desovantes em março e maio nas estações próximas à boca do saco, e fêmeas desovadas com folículos pós-ovulatórios velhos e alta freqüência de atresia em estações rasas, sugerindo a migração para áreas rasas e protegidas após a desova. O comprimento de primeira maturação gonadal foi 117 mm de comprimento total. Podemos concluir que C. spilopterus completa seu ciclo de vida no saco do Mamanguá, desovando durante o outono (entre março e maio) e possivelmente também em novembro

"Contribution to the allelophatic study of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reiss., Celastraceae". Ethanol extracts of Maytenus ilicifolia, obtained from vegetable material dried at different temperatures, were used to perform allelophatic assays using seeds of Lactuca sativa. It was observed that the drying temperature of the vegetable material is a modifi er agent of allelophatic activity.

This study aims at studying the reproductive aspects of Mugil curema in two coastal systems in southeastern Brazil. Samplings were carried out from March 2009 to February 2010 in Santos estuary and from May 2008 to April 2009 in the Cananéia-Iguape coastal system, using gillnet, cast net, and fish trap. Weight and total length were measured and, subsequently, gonads were removed and weighed. Permanent preparations on the ovaries were carried out. The sexual proportion, first gonadal maturation length (L 50 ), and the quantitative indicators (gonadosomatic index and DK) were estimated for all seasons of the year. There was a significant predominance of females (1:2.4) in both areas, and L 50 was estimated at 248.6 mm. The species showed a synchronous oocyte development and the highest values of quantitative indicators were observed at the start and end of the rainy season. The mean potential and relative fecundity of the species was estimated at 350,430 oocytes and 926.46 oocytes/g, respectively, for individuals ranging from 300 to 402 mm. In conclusion, M. curema from the Cananéia-Iguape coastal system and from Santos estuary showed the start of gonadal maturation in October, which extended to April, with two annual spawning events (April and November), possibly in more offshore areas.