Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of lymphoma in dogs. We evaluated Ki67 immunoexpression and mitotic index (MI) in dogs diagnosed with DLBCL and treated with a 19-wk CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) protocol. Twenty-nine lymph node samples from dogs diagnosed with DLBCL were analyzed for Ki67 immunostaining, and positive cells present in 1 cm were counted in a grid reticle for comparison of survival times above and below the means. The Ki67 mean was 107, and the MI mean was 21. There was a significant ( p < 0.05) difference in median survival time between Ki67 immunostaining above and below the mean, with no difference in MI groups. Ki67 values >107 positive cells per 5 HPF counted in a grid reticle were associated with shorter survival times in dogs with DLBCL treated with a 19-wk CHOP-based protocol.

This study aimed at evaluating the behaviour and understanding the diagnostic value of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in bitches with mammary carcinoma as a tool for monitoring and prognosis of canine cancer patients. Serum samples from 77 bitches were divided into four groups, G1 (n = 21), control group (healthy/neoplasia free bitches); G2 (n = 31), bitches with non‐metastatic mammary carcinoma less than 3 cm; G3 (n = 12), bitches with non‐metastatic mammary carcinoma greater than 3 cm; and, G4 (n = 13) bitches with mammary carcinoma and lymph node metastasis. The marker was dosed once in G1, whereas in G2, G3 and G4, CEA levels were determined before (M0) and 15 days after (M1) mastectomy, using the ELISA kit for humans while reading used ELISYS ONE human. A group of 11 bitches was followed up 45 days after mastectomy (M2). The results for the concentration of markers in blood serum samples at the evaluated times and their relationship with neoplasia biological behaviour and observed clinicopathological changes were evaluated by the Tukey test at 5% significance. The ROC curve was established to find the cut‐off value and calculate the test sensitivity and specificity, the multivariate matching analysis was performed to confirm the association between CEA values and clinicopathological variables. CEA values increased significantly in bitches with mammary carcinoma, metastatic tumours with a diameter larger than 3.0 cm and high grade, compared with healthy ones. In addition, mastectomy reduced the CEA concentration in the blood (P < .05) whereas high CEA levels were associated with unfavourable prognostic factors (P < .05). The biomarker presented good diagnostic value, especially for more aggressive tumours. In conclusion, CEA serum concentrations allowed to follow efficiently the evolution of mammary tumours in bitches, since CEA values increased in bitches with mammary gland tumour and decreased after mastectomy while correlating with prognostic factors such as tumour size, nodal metastasis and histological grade. Further studies are still needed to confirm its diagnostic value for follow‐up of relapse and early metastasis.

Comunicação [Communication]Criptococose diagnosticada por imprints de lesões em mucosa oral em cão [ À anamnese e ao exame físico do paciente, são revelados sinais e sintomas, que incluem epistaxe, espirros, formação de nódulos nasais ou pulmonares, inclinação da cabeça (head tilt), nistagmo, paralisia facial, paraplegia ou tetraparesia, andar em círculos, hiperestesia cervical e deformações faciais (Malik et al., 2006). O diagnóstico é firmado por informações obtidas à anamnese e ao exame físico, à citologia de lesões e ao cultivo de material de secreções ou nódulos (Malik et al., 2006). O prognóstico da enfermidade é reservado, e o tratamento é realizado com antifúngicos sistêmicos, dentre os quais anfotericina B, fluconazol, itraconazol, cetoconazol ou fluocitosina (Lappin, 2006;Malik et al., 2006 À inspeção, verificou-se que o animal estava apático, em pleurotótono, não se sustentando em posição quadrupedal. Encontrava-se levemente desidratado e com demais parâmetros vitais normais. Ao exame físico, foram observados nódulos cutâneos, firmes, de 0,5 a 1cm de diâmetro, alguns ulcerados, dispostos na cabeça, abdômen, dorso e área perianal. As mucosas oral e peniana exibiam lesões planas, de aproximadamente 3mm de diâmetro (Fig. 1). Apresentava, ainda, inclinação da cabeça (head tilt) para a esquerda, tetraparesia e déficit proprioceptivo generalizado.Os exames laboratoriais revelaram anemia normocítica normocrômica regenerativa, leucocitose neutrofílica com desvio à esquerda regenerativo, linfopenia, além de discreta trombocitemia. A atividade sérica da alaninaaminotransferase pontuou em 256,7UI/L e foi a única alteração da bioquímica sérica encontrada. As preparações citoscópicas com agulha fina (PAAF) dos nódulos cutâneos, assim como impressões em lâminas contra as lesões em cavidade oral, revelaram inúmeras formas de Cryptococcus sp. (Fig. 2 e 3 1273Figura 3. Cão. Criptococose. Imprint de tecido. Várias formas de levedura com cápsulas mucoides não coradas distintas, de espessuras variáveis, envolvendo estruturas internas granulares (setas) (Rosenfeld modificado X 100).Instituiu-se terapia à base de itraconazol, 5mg/kg, por via oral, a cada 12 horas, precedida da administração de cloridrato de ranitidina, 2mg/kg, por via oral, a cada 12 horas e tratamento de suporte. De volta à residência, poucas horas após o atendimento, o paciente veio a óbito, conforme informou o proprietário por telefone.A criptococose pode acometer o homem e diversos animais domésticos e selvagens (Malik et al., 2006), com maior incidência em felinos e raramente em caninos (Gionfriddo, 2000;Oliveira et al., 2005; Lappin, 2006;Malik et al., 2006), consequentemente, há poucos relatos na literatura de manifestação da criptococose nessa espécie (Oliveira et al., 2005). Ainda assim, dentre os cães, os indivíduos jovens são os mais frequentemente acometidos, nos quais a criptococose se manifesta de forma severa (Malik et al., 2006), o que diferiu do caso aqui descrito, pois, embora apresentasse a doença em sua forma grave, o paciente tinha id...

Mast cell tumors are the most common malignant cutaneous tumors in dogs. Although there are several prognostic factors involved, the clinical and biological behavior of this type of tumor varies greatly, making the best choice of treatment challenging. Molecular techniques can be used to evaluate a large number of genes involved in the neoplastic process and aid in the selection of candidate genes related to prognostic and predicting factors. Identification of the genes associated with tumor development and progression can be performed through the analysis of numerical and structural changes in DNA isolated from tumor cells by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). The aim of this study was to compare copy number variations (CNVs) in cutaneous mast cell tumors of dogs that survived less than six (ST<6) and >12months (ST>12) from the date of diagnosis. Ten animals were used: four from Group ST>12 and six from Group ST<6. Genomic DNA was extracted, and aCGH was performed using Agilent Canine Genome CGH Microarray 4×180 (ID-252 552 - Agilent, USA). Data analysis was carried out using Nexus program version 5.0 (Biodiscovery, USA). The group ST>12 presented 11±3.3 CNVs, while the ST<6 group presented 85±38.5 CNVs. Regions of loss in PTEN and FAS as well as regions of gains in MAPK3, WNT5B, FGF, FOXM1 and RAD51 were detected in mast cell tumors with shorter survival times, and thus, worst prognoses, allowing for the identification of potential candidate genes for more detailed studies.

Avaliou-se a resposta de fase aguda através da concentração das proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) no soro sanguíneo e no líquido peritoneal de vinte e um equinos, hígidos e submetidos à obstrução intestinal experimental, distribuídos em quatro grupos: obstrução de duodeno - GD (n=6), íleo - GI (n=6), cólon dorsal esquerdo - GM (n=6) e controle instrumentado - GC (n=3). Foram colhidas amostras de sangue e líquido peritoneal e, após centrifugação e fracionamento, as proteínas de fase aguda foram separadas por eletroforese em SDS-PAGE. Identificaram-se as proteínas IgA, ceruloplasmina, transferrina, albumina, IgG, haptoglobina, α1-glicoproteína ácida e P24, no soro e no líquido peritoneal. Houve aumento nas concentrações sérica e peritoneal de todas as PFA, sendo mais evidente no líquido peritoneal e nos animais obstruídos. O fracionamento eletroforético das PFA no líquido peritoneal é mais eficaz no diagnóstico de processos inflamatórios abdominais, quando comparado ao sérico.

Mast cell tumors represent the most common malignant skin tumor in the dog. This review outlines the incidence, etiology and clinical signs of mast cell tumors. Diagnostic tests, staging and treatments are also discussed.

Case summaryA spayed 12-year-old female domestic shorthair cat presented with nodular lesions on the ventral-right thoracic wall after complete mastectomy 4 months previously. The prior diagnosis was tubulopapillary mammary carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis, and a recurrence was confirmed. A gradual and sequential increase in the total number of leukocytes with severe neutrophilia (95.632/µl) developed over the course of the illness, along with an increase in the size of the recurrent mass. The severe leukocytosis did not show any response to antibiotic therapy, and no evidence of infection was observed. Bone marrow cytology confirmed hypercellularity in the myeloid cell lineage. Based on these findings, paraneoplastic neutrophilic leukocytosis syndrome was suspected. An incisional biopsy of the recurrent mass was consistent with recurrent tubulopapillary mammary carcinoma. Malignant epithelial cells stained positive upon immunohistochemistry for granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, cytokeratin and vimentin. After the final diagnosis of paraneoplastic neutrophilic leukocytosis syndrome, the cat was euthanized at the owner’s request.Relevance and novel informationThis is a novel case of paraneoplastic leukocytosis syndrome associated with mammary carcinoma in a cat. Although there are some reports describing paraneoplastic leukocytosis in cats, the relationship between this syndrome and feline mammary tumors has not been described.

ResumoOs linfomas são neoplasias caracterizadas pela proliferação maligna de linfócitos, que originamse principalmente em órgão linfóides como linfonodos, fígado, baço e medula óssea. Entretanto pela característica de contínua migração dos linfócitos por diferentes órgãos, esta neoplasia pode se desenvolver em qualquer órgão. Embora o linfoma seja a neoplasia hematopoiética de maior incidência em cães, a localização cardíaca é rara. O diagnóstico de linfoma cardíaco primário pode ser realizado quando há envolvimento do coração e/ou pericárdio sem evidências de ocorrência de órgãos linfáticos ou extranodais. Em medicina veterinária existem poucos relatos sobre o diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico desta neoplasia cardíaca. Portanto o objetivo do presente relato é descrever um caso de linfoma cardíaco em que o paciente respondeu favoravelmente ao tratamento quimioterápico empregado com intervalo livre de doença de 19 meses e salientar a importância de incluir essa neoplasia na lista de diagnósticos diferenciais de doenças que acometem o sistema cardiovascular. Palavras-chave: Linfoma, neoplasia cardíaca, quimioterapia AbstractLymphomas are malignant neoplasm characterized by proliferation of lymphocytes that originate primarily in lymphoid organ such as lymph nodes, liver, spleen and bone marrow. However the feature of continuous migration of lymphocytes in different organs, this tumor can develop in any organ. Although lymphoma is a very common hematopoietic neoplasm in dogs, cardiac location is rare. The diagnosis of primary cardiac lymphoma may be performed when there is involvement of the heart and / or the pericardium without evidence of involvement in other organs. In veterinary medicine there are few reports on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cardiac lymphoma. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to describe a case of cardiac lymphoma in which the patient responded favorably to chemotherapy employee with disease-free interval of 19 months and highlight the importance of including this neoplasm in the differential diagnosis of diseases that affect the cardiovascular system.