Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is the oldest known somatic cell lineage. It is a transmissible cancer that propagates naturally in dogs. We sequenced the genomes of two CTVT tumors and found that CTVT has acquired 1.9 million somatic substitution mutations and bears evidence of exposure to ultraviolet light. CTVT is remarkably stable and lacks subclonal heterogeneity despite thousands of rearrangements, copy-number changes, and retrotransposon insertions. More than 10,000 genes carry nonsynonymous variants, and 646 genes have been lost. CTVT first arose in a dog with low genomic heterozygosity that may have lived about 11,000 years ago. The cancer spawned by this individual dispersed across continents about 500 years ago. Our results provide a genetic identikit of an ancient dog and demonstrate the robustness of mammalian somatic cells to survive for millennia despite a massive mutation burden.

The aim of this paper is to discuss and update criteria that can guide the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of canine and feline mammary neoplasms. It was elaborated during the IV Mammary Pathology Meeting: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of the Canine and Feline Mammary Neoplasia, held on April 29th and 30th, 2019 in Belo Horizonte – MG, Brazil, sponsored by the Laboratory of Comparative Pathology of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), with the support of the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Pathology (ABPV) and Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET). Academics from several regions of Brazil were present and contributed to this work.

ERRATAArtigo originalmente publicado com nome incorreto do quinto autor Para html ou PDF, acesse:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782007000200047&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=ptWe sugest that subscribers photocpy this correction and insert the copy at the appropriate place where the article originally appeared.Sugerimos que uma fotocópia das correções seja inserida na página correta onde o artigo apareceu originalmente.Recebido para publicação 13.03.06 Aprovado em 13.09.06

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(2):173-178, fevereiro 2014 173 RESUMO.-Foi realizada falha segmentar com 6mm de diâ-metro na região metafisária medial de tíbias de 12 coelhos, onde foi implantado uma associação de micro e macrofragmentos de matriz óssea cortical heteróloga fragmentada conservada em glicerina (98%) e polimetilmetacrilato autoclavados, para a sua reconstrução, e avaliados radiológi-ca e macroscopicamente aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias. Houve adesão, em relação ao tempo, dos micro e macrocompósi-tos ao leito receptor, em 100% dos casos, mostrando ser biologicamente biocompatível, pois promoveram a reparação de falhas ósseas, sem sinais de infecção, migração e/ou rejeição, podendo, dessa forma, ser mais uma opção como substituto para preencher grandes defeitos ósseos.

; 4 Professor Senior do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias da UFPR.RESUMO -Com o objetivo de estabelecerem-se parâmetros segundo a predisposição racial, etária, sexual, localização da incidência do TVT em cães, além das modalidades de diagnóstico e tratamento, foi realizado um estudo estatístico em 52 clínicas de Curitiba e Região Metropolitana, em 1998. Constatou-se que o TVT é principalmente encontrado em animais do sexo feminino que permanecem abandonados nas ruas ou ainda aqueles que freqüentemente atingem as vias públicas. Também concluiu-se que a história e o exame físico dos pacientes, freqüentemente, constituíram-se meios de diagnóstico para o TVT em cães. Entre as modalidades de tratamento, observou-se que a cirurgia foi empregada somente nos casos que exigiam citorredução neoplásica prévia à terapia com agentes anticancerígenos. O sulfato de vincristina na dose de 0,5 a 1,0 mg/ m 2 , administrado semanalmente via endovenosa, durante 6 semanas consecutivas, constituiu-se em opção eficaz no controle do TVT, pois não se observou colateralidade, recidivas e/ou metástases nos cães tratados nesse período.Palavras Chave: Tumor Venéreo Transmissível; Sulfato de Vincristina; Cão.ABSTRACT -A survey has been carried out on the incidence by breed, age, sex and dogs wondering habits of the canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) and the therapeutic procedures to which they were submitted. The survey was carried out during 1998 in 52 Veterinary Clinics from Curitiba and its Metropolitan Region. Among 42 cases of TVT recorded during that year, 61.9% (n = 26) were female and 38.09 (n = 16) male dogs. The higher incidence of TVT in female dogs may be due to the fact that they stay abandoned or wondering in streets. Among the therapeutic procedures used for the treatment of TVT bearing dogs, surgical neoplasia citoreduction is frequently used previously to the administration of anticancerous drugs. A weekly intravenous administration of Vincristine -0.5 -1.0 mg/m 2 -during 6 successive weeks, constitutes the best option for the treatment and control of TNT. No bad effects, recidivism and/or metastasis were found in dogs subjected to this therapeutic procedure.

Lymphoma is the most common type of canine hematological malignancy where the multicentric (cMCL) form accounts for 75% of all cases. The standard treatment is the CHOP chemotherapy protocols that include cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone, where the majority of dogs achieve complete/partial response; however, it is very important to predict non-responsive cases to improve treatment and to develop new targeted therapies. Here we evaluate a liquid biopsy approach based on serum Small Extracellular Vesicles enriched for exosomes (SEVs) to predict cMCL chemotherapy response. Nineteen dogs at the end of the 19-week chemotherapy protocol (8 Complete Response and 11 Progressive Disease) were evaluated for serum SEVs size, concentration and screened for 95 oncomirs. PD patients had higher SEVs concentration at the diagnosis than CR patients (P = 0.034). The ROC curve was significant for SEVs concentration to predict the response to CHOP (AUC = 0.8011, P = 0.0287). A potential molecular signature based on oncomirs from SEVs (caf-miR-205, caf-miR-222, caf-mir-20a and caf-miR-93) is proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the potential of a liquid biopsy based on SEVs and their miRNAs content to predict the outcome of chemotherapy for canine multicentric lymphomas.

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Radical cystectomy with cutaneous ureterostomy is a viable salvage procedure for urinary diversion after cystectomy in dogs with invasive bladder neoplasia. Postoperative management and quality of life were considered acceptable by most owners. Future studies are warranted to evaluate survival time in a larger number of animals.