Clinical value of carcinoembryonic antigen in mammary neoplasms of bitches

Abstract

This study aimed at evaluating the behaviour and understanding the diagnostic value of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in bitches with mammary carcinoma as a tool for monitoring and prognosis of canine cancer patients. Serum samples from 77 bitches were divided into four groups, G1 (n = 21), control group (healthy/neoplasia free bitches); G2 (n = 31), bitches with non‐metastatic mammary carcinoma less than 3 cm; G3 (n = 12), bitches with non‐metastatic mammary carcinoma greater than 3 cm; and, G4 (n = 13) bitches with mammary carcinoma and lymph node metastasis. The marker was dosed once in G1, whereas in G2, G3 and G4, CEA levels were determined before (M0) and 15 days after (M1) mastectomy, using the ELISA kit for humans while reading used ELISYS ONE human. A group of 11 bitches was followed up 45 days after mastectomy (M2). The results for the concentration of markers in blood serum samples at the evaluated times and their relationship with neoplasia biological behaviour and observed clinicopathological changes were evaluated by the Tukey test at 5% significance. The ROC curve was established to find the cut‐off value and calculate the test sensitivity and specificity, the multivariate matching analysis was performed to confirm the association between CEA values and clinicopathological variables. CEA values increased significantly in bitches with mammary carcinoma, metastatic tumours with a diameter larger than 3.0 cm and high grade, compared with healthy ones. In addition, mastectomy reduced the CEA concentration in the blood (P < .05) whereas high CEA levels were associated with unfavourable prognostic factors (P < .05). The biomarker presented good diagnostic value, especially for more aggressive tumours. In conclusion, CEA serum concentrations allowed to follow efficiently the evolution of mammary tumours in bitches, since CEA values increased in bitches with mammary gland tumour and decreased after mastectomy while correlating with prognostic factors such as tumour size, nodal metastasis and histological grade. Further studies are still needed to confirm its diagnostic value for follow‐up of relapse and early metastasis.

MicroRNA-21 Expression, Serum Tumor Markers, and Immunohistochemistry in Canine Mammary Tumors

“…The present study did not detect changes in CEA between the control and disease groups, in line with a previous study [12]. However, other studies showed that a change is expected [27,44]. Liver metabolism, kidney clearance rate, and method of assay could be implicated [12,45].…”

“…CMT diagnosis is relatively feasible using clinical data, which is collected and analyzed, and a combination of visual and palpation provides the practitioner with the necessary information to narrow differential diagnosis lists [26]. In the present study, two females showed multiple masses, and tumor size was taken as the size of the largest tumor, as described previously [27]. Radiological examination was conducted to con rm the absence of distant metastasis.…”

“…Clinical signs were recorded at the time of admission. The control group comprised healthy dogs (T 0 ) free from mammary tumors or any health issue, whereas the disease group comprised dogs with mammary tumor ≥ 3 cm in diameter and no evidence of metastasis (T 2 , 3, N 0 − 1, M 0 ), as adapted from the World Health Organization guidelines [26,27,65]. In cases with more than one mass, the largest was used for tumor size [27].…”

Investigation of serum survivin in dogs suffering from cancer: a multicenter study

“…In a human study on colorectal cancer, CEA had an AUC of 0.88 [ 3 ]. In a recent veterinary study, the ROC curve was also determined for CEA [ 38 ].…”

Farklı Tipteki Köpek Meme Karsinomlarında PCNA ve MMP-9 Ekspresyonlarının İmmunohistokimyasal Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

“…However, there is a low survival rate in bitches with malignant tumors. Because the recurrence rate of the tumor is very high and it can metastasize to organs such as regional lymph nodes, lung, liver and spleen (8,9). Early diagnosis is the best strategy to fight mammary cancers (10).…”