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Abstrak Psikosis adalah gangguan jiwa yang memiliki prevalensi kecil dibandingkan gangguan jiwa lainnya tetapi mempunyai beban penyakit yang cukup tinggi. Tujuan analisis ini adalah untuk memperoleh prevalensi psikosis pada penduduk Indonesia secara nasional, per provinsi dan melihat sebaran psikosis antara perkotaan, perdesaan berdasarkan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018. Analisis ini merupakan analisis lanjut Riskesdas dilaksanakan di 34 provinsi, 514 kabupaten/kota pada bulan Juli 2018. Jumlah blok sensus 29.824 dengan respon rate 99,41%, jumlah rumah tangga dikunjungi dan diwawancara 282.654 dengan respon rate 95,58%. Enumerator bertanya kepada kepala keluarga atau yang mewakilinya mengenai adakah anggota rumah tangga (ART) di rumah tersebut yang pernah atau sedang mengalami gangguan jiwa psikosis dan berapa banyak jumlahnya. Analisis dilakukan dengan perangkat statistik SPSS versi 22 dengan metode complex sample. Berdasarkan Riskesdas 2018, didapatkan estimasi prevalensi orang yang pernah menderita psikosis di Indonesia sebesar 1,8 per 1000 penduduk. Prevalensi antar provinsi berkisar 0.9 sampai 3.5 per 1000 penduduk. Prevalensi psikosis lebih tinggi di perdesaan dibandingkan di perkotaan (p=0,099). Kata kunci: Riskesdas 2018, psikosis, prevalensi Abstract Psychosis is a mental disorder that has a small prevalence compared to other mental disorders but it has a fairly high burden of disease. The purpose of this analysis is to obtain the national, provincial prevalence of psychosis and to compare the prevalence between urban and rural regions in Indonesia based on Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2018. This is an advance analysis. Riskesdas was implemented in July 2018 in 34 provinces and 514 regencies/cities. A total of 29,824 census blocks with a response rate of 99.41%, as many as 282.654 households visited and interviewed with a response rate of 95.58%. The enumerator interviewed the head of the family or his representative regarding the existence of household members (ART) in the house who had or were experiencing psychosis and how many of them. The analysis was carried out with SPSS version 22 using the complex sample method. Based on Riskesdas 2018, an estimated prevalence of people who have suffered psychosis in Indonesia is 1.8 per 1000 population. The prevalence between provinces ranges from 0.9 to 3.5 per 1000 population. The prevalence is higher in rural than urban area (p=0.099). Keywords: Riskesdas 2018, psychosis, prevalence

Background Depression among elderly individuals is related to physical illness, functional status, prolonged treatment and other factors. Depression is not effectively treated with medication but can be alleviated by treating the physical illness and improving functional status. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between functional status and depression in elderly individuals in Indonesia. Methods The data used were obtained from a national survey dataset, namely, the Basic Health Research and Socio-Economic Survey in 2018, which was carried out in 34 provinces and 514 districts or cities. The total number of respondents was 93,829, aged ≥60 years. Functional status and depression were assessed using the Barthel index and MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), respectively. Furthermore, data processing was carried out with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 program and analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression with the complex sample method. Results Elderly individuals with severe dependence were at the greatest risk of becoming depressed compared to those without functional impairment or with independence after considering sociodemographic factors and disease history have 5.730 (95% CI = 4.302-7.632) the adj odds. Furthermore, this figure was higher than that of individuals with total dependence have 4.147 (95% CI = 3.231-5.231) the adj odds. The physical illness experienced also played a role in the risk for depression, which was higher among elderly individuals with stroke and a history of injury. The sociodemographic factors involved include low education and economic levels. In contrast, the area of residence and marital status had no statistically significant effect on the relationship between functional disorders and depression. Conclusions Elderly individuals with decreased functional status are prone to depression. The highest probability for depression was observed among those with severe dependence compared to those with total dependence. Consequently, interventions that involve various sectors, including social and family support, are needed.

AbstrakTotal Fertility Rate (TFR) merupakan jumlah rata-rata anak yang akan dilahirkan hidup oleh seorang perempuan pada akhir masa reproduksinya. TFR merupakan salah satu indikator ukuran kemajuan kesehatan, khususnya kesehatan ibu dalam satu negara. Oleh karenanya, target RPJMN 2015-2019 adalah menurunkan angka kelahiran. Penghitungan TFR yang tepat menggunakan metode tidak langsung, salah satunya adalah Own-Method Children (metode anak kandung). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua perempuan dan anak-anak yang tinggal bersama orang tuanya. Sampel dalam analisis perhitungan ini adalah wanita usia subur (WUS) umur 15 hingga 49 tahun dan anak balita yang tinggal bersama orang tuanya. Anak balita dalam perhitungan ini adalah anak kandung, sedangkan anak berstatus bukan anak kandung dilibatkan dalam penghitungan guna menambah jumlah anak yang berada dalam rumah tangga ibu. Hasil perhitungan menggunakan Riskesdas 2013 menunjukkan bahwa TFR di Indonesia lebih tinggi (3,2) dibandingkan dengan hasil perhitungan dengan sumber data yang lain. Jika dilihat dari pola ASFR (Age Specific Fertility Rate), angka kelahiran tertinggi tercatat pada usia 20-24 kemudian usia 15-19. Implikasi pentingnya adalah fokus program keluarga berencana harus diberikan pada kelompok umur tersebut, salah satunya adalah dengan peningkatan usia kawin pertama.Kata kunci: fertilitas, metode anak kandung, age specific fertility rate (ASFR) ASSESING FERITILITY RATE USING OWN-CHILDREN METHOD: FURTHER ANALYSIS OF RISKESDAS 2013 AbstractTotal Fertility Rate (TFR) is the average number of children born alive by a number of women at the end of their reproductive period. TFR is one indicator of health development, especially maternal health in the country. Therefore, target of reducing the birth rate is still prioritized in RPJMN 2015-2019. Indirect method is more appropriate to calculate TFR, such as own-method children. Population of this study is women and their children in the same househoold with women of childbearing aged 15-49 years and children under five who live with their parents as sampling unit. Children under five in this analysis are the biological children while step children will be included in order to enhance the number children. The calculation based on 2013 Riskesdas (Riset Kesehatan Dasar) shows higher TFR compared to 2012 DHS (Demographic and Health Survey) which was 3.2 at national level. ASFR (Age Specific Fertility Rate) pattern shows highest fertility rate for age of 20-24, while it was second for age [15][16][17][18][19]. The important implication is that family planning program has to concentrate on this age groups, such as by increasing age of the first marriage.

In Indonesia, measuring the success of development of a region is increasingly needed with the enactment of the Regional Autonomy System (OTDA). There are many methods or indicators that can be used as a measuring tool. The Public Health Development Index (IPKM) is one of the indicators that can be used to measure the success of community health development. This study aims to explore the correlation between several indicators of sub-index of Health Service (Yankes) and sub-index of Reproductive Health (Kespro) which become part of IPKM. Another purpose of this analysis is to find out which indicators are most leveraging for the Kespro sub-index. The method to analyse the data used Multiple Linear Regression with the district as the unit of analysis. According to the RISKESDAS 2013 data, there are 497 districts/cities in 33 provinces in Indonesia. RISKESDAS 2013 and Podes 2011 data are used by IPKM 2013. The results of the analysis show that the largest indicator giving the leverage of Kespro sub-index. That are the coverage of birth delivery by health worker in health facilities after controlled by the proportion of physicians per sub-district, the proportion of adequate posyandu per region and the health service coverage ownership (Jaminan Pelayanan Kesehatan/JPK) in each district. Abstrak Pengukuran keberhasilan pembangunan suatu daerah semakin dibutuhkan dengan berlakunya sistim Otonomi Daerah (Otda) di Indonesia.  Banyak metode atau indikator yang dijadikan alat ukurnya. Untuk mengukur keberhasilan pembangunan kesehatan masyarakat, Indeks Pembangunan Kesehatan Masyarakat (IPKM) menjadi salah satu indikator yang digunakan.  Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali hubungan beberapa indikator pembentuk sub indeks Pelayanan Kesehatan (Yankes) terhadap sub indeks Kesehatan Reproduksi (Kespro) yang menjadi bagian dari IPKM. Tujuan lain dari analisa ini yakni menggali indikator mana yang paling memberi efek ungkit bagi sub indeks Kespro. Metode analisa yang digunakan adalah Regresi Linier Berganda dengan kabupaten sebagai unit analisanya. Terdapat 497 kabupaten di 33 provinsi di Indonesia sesuai dengan jumlah kabupaten pada saat Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) dikumpulkan pada tahun 2013. Riskesdas 2013 dan Podes 2011 menjadi sumber data yang digunakan IPKM 2013. Hasil dari analisa didapat indikator yang paling besar memberikan daya ungkit sub indeks Kespro yakni cakupan persalinan ditolong oleh tenaga kesehatan di fasilitas kesehatan setelah dikontrol proporsi jumlah dokter per kecamatan, proporsi jumlah posyandu per desa dan kepemilikan Jaminan Pelayanan Kesehatan (JPK) di setiap kabupaten.

Background: Depression among elderly individuals is related to physical illness, functional status, prolonged treatment and other factors. Depression is not effectively treated with medication but can be alleviated by treating the physical illness and improving functional status. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between functional status and depression in elderly individuals in Indonesia.Methods: The data used were obtained from a national survey dataset, namely, the Basic Health Research and Socio-Economic Survey in 2018, which was carried out in 34 provinces and 514 districts or cities. The total number of respondents was 93,829, aged ≥ 60 years. Functional status and depression were assessed using the Barthel index and MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), respectively. Furthermore, data processing was carried out with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 program and analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression with the complex sample method.Results: Elderly individuals with severe dependence were at the greatest risk of becoming depressed compared to those without functional impairment or with independence after considering sociodemographic factors and disease history have 5.730 (95% CI= 4.302-7.632) the adj odds. Furthermore, this figure was higher than that of individuals with total dependence have 4.147 (95% CI=3.231-5.231) the adj odds. The physical illness experienced also played a role in the risk for depression, which was higher among elderly individuals with stroke and a history of injury. The sociodemographic factors involved include low education and economic levels. In contrast, the area of residence and marital status had no statistically significant effect on the relationship between functional disorders and depression.Conclusions: Elderly individuals with decreased functional status are prone to depression. The highest probability for depression was observed among those with severe dependence compared to those with total dependence. Consequently, interventions that involve various sectors, including social and family support, are needed.

The Global Physicall Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) is the most commonly used tool for measuring physical activity in surveys. Receiver Operating Analysis (ROC) is performed to see the GPAQ instrumen's diagnostic ability to physical activity with VO2max as a comparison. The aims of study is to determine the distribution of METs minutes / weeks of each activity domain, cut off point METs, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of GPAQ instrumen measurement with gold standard VO2max. Examination of fitness level using a bicycle static (ergocycle) with astrand method. Research subjects were women aged 25 to 54 years as many as 117 people in Central Bogor District. It is descriptive research with cross sectional design. The measurement of physical activity is done by interview using GPAQ instrumen version 2 which consists of 16 questions on 3 domains of activities ie work, travel and recreation. The results showed that all respondents did not have heavy category activity either job or recreation domain. Average METs score with moderate job domain 4271,69 ± 2874,34; travel domain 1058 ± 1730; medium category recreation domain with METs value of 181.23 ± 471,594 and the overall average total METs were 5511.11 ± 3440.48. Cut off point value of GPAQ instrumen is 4,668 / week; sensitivity = 50,0; specificity = 43,3; a positive predictive value of 75.9%; negative predictive value of 29.3%. The concluded that the average value of METs for each domains over estimate activity, the level of physical activity using GPAQ instrumen is not accurate and there is no correlation between the level of physical activity with GPAQ instrumen compared with fitness V02max with P = 0.451. An alternative instrumen for the assessment of physical activity in a population-based survey is required. Abstrak Instrumen Global Physicall Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) adalah tools yang paling sering digunakan untuk mengukur aktifitas fisik dalam survei yang dilakukan oleh Kementrian Kesehatan. Analisis Receiver Operating (ROC) dilakukan untuk melihat kemampuan diagnostik instrumen GPAQ terhadap aktifitas fisik dengan nilai VO2max sebagai pembanding. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran nilai METs menit/minggu setiap domain aktifitas, nilai cut off point METs, luas daerah di bawah kurva (AUC), sensitifitas, spesifisitas, nilai prediksi positif dan nilai prediksi negatif dari pengukuran GPAQ dengan gold standard pemerikaan VO2max. Pemeriksaan tingkat kebugaran menggunakan sepeda statis (ergocycle) dengan metoda astrand. Subyek penelitian adalah wanita umur 25 sampai dengan 54 tahun sebanyak 117 orang di Kecamatan Bogor Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan uji diagnostik dengan disain potong lintang. Pengukuran aktifitas fisik dilakukan dengan wawancara secara terstruktur menggunakan instrumen GPAQ versi 2 yang terdiri dari 16 pertanyaan pada 3 domain aktifitas yaitu pekerjaan, perjalanan dan rekreasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seluruh responden tidak memiliki  aktifitas kategori berat baik domain pekerjaan maupun rekreasi. Rata-rata nilai METs  dengan domain pekerjaan level sedang 4271,69±2874,34; domain perjalanan 1058±1730; domain rekreasi kategori sedang dengan  nilai METs 181,23±471,594 dan nilai rata-rat total keseluruhan METs adalah 5511,11±3440,48. Nilai cut off point instrumen GPAQ sebesar 4.668/minggu, sensitifitas=50,0; spesifisitas=43,3; nilai prediksi positif 75,9%; nilai prediksi negatif 29,3%. Dapat  disimpulkan bahwa nilai rata-rata METs tiap domain aktifitas  over estimate, tingkat aktifitas fisik menggunakan instrumen GPAQ tidak akurat dan tidak ada korelasi antara tingkat aktifitas fisik dengan  instrumen GPAQ dibandingkan dengan kebugaran V02max dengan P=0.451. Perlu alternatif instrumen lain untuk penilaian aktifitas fisik dalam survei berbasis populasi diluar instrumen GPAQ.

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