By using International WHO and standard Indonesia classification systems, general and central obesity were associated with hypertension in Indonesia women. Thus, not only general obesity but also central obesity should be used to assess obesity in Indonesian women.

Background Based on Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) conducted by Ministry of Health, Indonesia, prediabetes prevalence tends to increase from 2007 until 2018. The numbers are relatively higher in rural than those in urban area despite of small discrepancies between the two (~ 2–4%). The purpose of this study was to identify urban-rural differences in potential determinants for prediabetes in Indonesia. Methods This analysis used secondary data collected from nationwide Health Survey in 2018. Respondents were aged ≥15 years who met inclusion criteria of analysis with no history of diabetes mellitus. Prediabetes criteria followed American Diabetes Association 2019. Multiple logistic regression was also employed to assess the transition probability of potential determinants for prediabetes in urban and rural Indonesia. Results Up to 44.8% of rural respondents were prediabetics versus their urban counterparts at 34.9%, yet non-response bias was observed in the two. Young adults aged 30 years were already at risk of prediabetes. Urban-rural distinction for marital status and triglyceride level was observed while other determinants tended to overlap across residence. Several modifiable factors might contribute differently in both population with careful interpretation. Conclusions The minimum age limit for early prediabetes screening may start from 30 years old in Indonesia. Urban-rural distinction for marital status and triglyceride level was observed, yet non-response bias between the two groups could not be excluded. A proper model for early prediabetes screening need to be developed from a cohort study with adequate sample size.

Tobacco control in Indonesia will likely not move forward until the government evaluates and strengthens existing laws, considers passing new strong laws, and develops protocols for enforcing all laws. The Indonesian government also should strongly consider accession to the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

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Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a disease with the highest prevalence among Non Communicablediseases (NCD). The factors related to CHD can be controlled and therefore the occurrence of CHD canbe prevented. The aim of this study is to identify the determinants of CHD among selected residents inthe Central Bogor village, Indonesia. The data were from the baseline of 2011-2012 NCD cohort study,with a total sample of 4,786 respondents. Multivariate analysis was done to determine the risk factorsof CHD. The prevalence of CHD is 20.9 ± 0.41% . Risk factors that are related to CHD are: stroke 3.5times (95% CI: 2.0-5.9); hypertension 1.6 times (95% CI: 1.3¬1.9); followed by IFG 1.5 times (95% CI:1.1-1.9); emotional disorders 1.4 times (95% CI: 1.2-1.7); LDL 1.3 times (95% CI: 1.0-1.6); diabetesmellitus 1.2 times (95% CI: 0.8-1.6); obesity based on BMI 1.2 times (95% CI: 1.0-1.5. The proportion ofCHD in female 1.9 times more than males, stroke, hypertension and hyperglycemia are the determinantsof CHD. It is recommended to increase promotion in an effort to reduce consumption of sugar, salt, andother major risk factors to prevent NCDs, especially CHD.Key words: Coronary Heart Disease, risk factor, Bogor   AbstrakPenyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) merupakan penyakit dengan prevalensi tertinggi di antara PenyakitTidak Menular (PTM) pada populasi. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan PJK seharusnya dapat dikontrolsehingga terjadinya PJK dapat dicegah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi faktor penentu yangberhubungan dengan PJK pada penduduk di Kecamatan Bogor Tengah, Kota Bogor, padatahun 2011-2012. Metode: Data penelitian merupakan data dasar studi kohor PTM 2011-2012, dengan jumlahsampel 4786 responden. Analisis multivariat dilakukan untuk mendapatkan faktor yang berhubungandengan PJK. Hasil: Proporsi PJK adalah 20,9 ± 0,41% pada umur 25-65 tahun. Faktor risiko yangberhubungan dengan PJK adalah: stroke 3,5 kali (95% CI: 2,0-5,9); hipertensi 1,6 kali (95% CI: 1,3-1,9); diikuti kadar gula puasa >100 mg% 1,5 kali (95% CI: 1,1-1,9); gangguan mental emosional 1,4 kali(95% CI: 1,2¬1,7); LDL 1,3 kali (95% CI: 1,0-1,6); diabetes melitus 1,2 kali (95% CI: 0,8-1,6); obesitasberdasarkan IMT 1,2 kali (95% CI: 1,0-1,5). Proporsi PJK pada perempuan 1,9 kali lebih banyak darilaki-laki dan meningkat dengan bertambahnya umur, stroke, hipertensi, dan hiperglikemia merupakanfaktor determinan terjadinya PJK. Dilakukannya peningkatan promosi dalam upaya mengurangi asupangula, garam, kalori, dan faktor risiko utama untuk mencegah terjadinya penyakit tidak menular khususnyaPJK.Kata kunci: penyakit jantung koroner, faktor risiko, Kota Bogor

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Suicide happens throughout one’s life and is a serious health problem. World Health Organization (WHO) placed suicidal problem as society health priority. Many things is related to suicide, among others mental disorders like depression, anxiety, alcohol consumption behavior, life pressure experienced, financial problem, personal relation, or so is chronic illness experienced, conflict occurred, disaster, harassment, alienation social demography characteristic. Objective research to identify the risk factor of suicidal thought in several regions in Indonesia. The study design was Cross sectional research conducted in 3 (three) districts/cities in Indonesia. Proportional illustration Sample taken conducted using stratified random sampling.  Fixed variables analyzed such as the suicidal thoughts with the independent variable are gender, age, marital status, education, employment, ownership statistic, depression, anxiety. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate using the SPSS software. The result of the research showed that suicidal behavior happened more often to depressed individual, lived in the cities, anxious, productive age group, has low education level. Respondent suffered through depression 11 times more likely to have suicidal thoughts. The risk of suicidal behavior also increased 5 times to respondent in the cities. Respondent living anxiety 2 times riskier to have suicidal intent. Blue collar respondent also 2 times more risk in comparison to civil servants to have suicidal intent. Therefore it can be concluded that The influence of psychological factors is more substantial to inflict suicidal behavior, even though there is also effect of the social economy factor.

The increasing of blood-pressure is a one main risk factor to stroke and heart diseases. Blood-pressure increased could be caused by genetic factor, as well as behaviour and environment which might triggered the risk factor. This was much worst with the absence of the particular symptoms, therefore the increasing of blood-pressure was unrealized and could be resulted a very serious impact. Some studies shown that hypertension prevalens were continously rising in a young age group. This analysis aimed to identify factors influenced the rising of blood-pressure for preventing effort. Data sources for this study were Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2007. Blood-pressure was measured by using Digital Sphygmoma-nometer. The sample size consisted of 18,601 respondents, included age above 15 years old both males and females from 10 percent of urban area in Indonesia. A multivariate analysis had been done for describing factors influenced the blood-pressure increased. The results shown that respondents ≥ 45 years were the most contributed factor for the inceasing of blood-pressure (OR=2,4), followed by overweight-obese (OR=2,3), obese-central (OR=1,6), hyperglychemic (OR=1,5), duration of smoking (OR=1,5), mental disorder (OR=1,3), economic status (OR=1,2), and unmarried status (OR=1,2). On the otherhand, the better consumption grilled foods, and foods with preservatives might reduce the bloodpressure of respondents (anova, p=0,000). Prediction asumption towards blood-pressure based on those factors was 16,0 percent (R-squared). This study showed that lifestyle modification is essential in preventing urban adults from hypertension. Targeting adults with promotional efforts Healthy Behavior to raise awareness of risk factors for hypertension.