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BACKGROUND: The prevalence among adult men in Indonesia is among the highest in the world. Objective: Our study examines the hotspots and regional variation in smoking prevalence among 514 districts in Indonesia. METHODS: Taking advantage of the latest national health survey (Basic Health Research, Riskesdas 2018), which included smoking prevalence representative at the district level. We assessed the smoking prevalence among male and female adults (15+ years) and youth (13-14 years). We conducted geospatial analyses, using ArcMap 10.6, including quintile analysis (mapping the smoking prevalence by quintile for each district) and hotspot analysis (using Getis-Ord Gi* statistics to produce the hotspots, areas with a significantly higher density of advertisements). We also conducted quantitative analyses, using Stata 15.1, on geographic disparity, including region and urbanicity. RESULTS: We found huge disparity in smoking prevalence between districts, ranging from 9 to 81% for men, 0 to 50% for, 0 to 41% for women, and 0 to 50% for girls. We found up to 62 and 47 smoking hotspots among males and females, respectively. The poorest districts had significantly higher smoking prevalence among men but lower smoking prevalence among boys, and less educated districts had higher smoking prevalence among women. CONCLUSION: There were significant hotspots and regional variations among 514 districts in Indonesia.

Conditions of housing and residential environment are one of the factors that cause mental emotional disorder. This is related to the quality of residential environment and socio-economic conditions of the community. Residential environment derived from variabels of healthy housing, overcrowding, and residence area. Social economy was a combination of economic quintile, housing ownership, subsidized rice for the poor programmed and healthcare for the poor. Family history of mental disorders and the search for medical treatment was also been studied. The aim of this analysis was to find the relationship between residential environment and economic status as well as family history of mental emotional condition and the pursuit for medical treatment among population aged 15 years old and over. To measure mental emotional was Self Reporting Questioner (SRQ) consisted of 20 items in Riskesdas 2013 instrument. The results showed the relationship between residential environment and economic status of individual mental health. A history of mental disorders in the family also contributes to improving mental health disorders. Housing environment is a dominant factor associated with mental disorders. People who has a mental illness family member has a risk of 4,5 times experiencing mental disorders. Therefore, government support was needed to provide a decent, affordable and healthy housing for the poor.

Happiness in several studies is mentioned to have a correlation with several diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease and obesity. Happy people tend to live longer and live healthier lives. The purpose of the study was to look at the association and the magnitude of the risk of happiness with the incidence of hypertension in Indonesia. This study used secondary data from the 2014 Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS5) with respondents aged ≥19 years old with normal weight (BMI 18,5-24,9). Conceptual framework with a risk factor model approach. Association of happiness to hypertension using multiple logistic regression analysis with the significance of p value <0.05. Prevalence of hypertension aged ≥19 years old in Indonesia based on IFLS5 data is 23.1%. Proportion of respondents very happy was 11.6% and happy was 78.0%. The results of multivariate analysis showed that happiness did not have a strong enough relationship with the incidence of hypertension. Age variable is the factor with thestrongest influence on the incidence of hypertension with OR 5.63 (95% CI 5.02-6.32). Abstrak Kebahagiaan pada beberapa penelitian disebutkan memiliki korelasi dengan beberapa penyakit seperti hipertensi, penyakit kardiovaskular dan kegemukan. Orang yang merasa bahagia cenderung memiliki umur yang lebih panjang dan memiliki hidup yang lebih sehat. Tujuan dari analisis adalah melihat hubungan dan besaran risiko kebahagiaan terhadap kejadian hipertensi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Indonesian Family Life Survey tahun 2014 (IFLS5) dengan responden berumur ≥19 tahun yang memiliki berat badan normal (IMT 18,5-24,9). Kerangka konsep yang dipergunakan adalah dengan pendekatan model faktor risiko. Untuk melihat hubungan kebahagiaan dengan hipertensi digunakan analisis regresi logistik berganda dengan kemaknaan p value < 0,05. Prevalensi hipertensi umur ≥19 tahun di Indonesia berdasarkan data IFLS5 adalah sebesar 23,1%. Proporsi responden yang merasa sangat bahagia 11,6% dan merasa bahagia sebesar 78,0%. Hasil analisis multivariat memperlihatkan kebahagiaan tidak memiliki hubungan yang cukup kuat terhadap kejadian hipertensi (p value = 0,62). Variabel umur merupakan faktor yang paling kuat pengaruhnya terhadap kejadian hipertensi dengan OR 5,63 (95%CI 5,02-6,32).

Background and objectives Anemia remains a major public health problem worldwide. This study examined the relationship between anemia and the nutritional status of non-pregnant women aged 19–49 years in Indonesia. Methods and study design The data were derived from the 2018 Basic Health Research Data of Indonesia. We used information from 11,471 non-pregnant women aged 19–49 years. The dependent variable was anemia (hemoglobin level <12 g/dL). The independent variable was women’s nutritional status, a combined indicator of body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Our analysis controlled for women’s age, education, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and the presence of communicable or non-communicable diseases. We performed logistic regression analyses. Results The prevalence of anemia in non-pregnant women aged 19–49 years was 22.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.4–23.3). Women with overweight and obesity were less likely to develop anemia than those with a normal BMI, regardless of their MUAC score. The highest odds for developing anemia were observed in underweight women with low MUAC scores (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.83, 95%CI: 2.19–3.68). Higher odds ratios were also observed in women with insufficient physical activity, despite their sufficient consumption of fruits or vegetables (aOR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.06–3.28). However, women who had been diagnosed with a non-communicable disease had a reduced likelihood of developing anemia (aOR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.67–0.83). Conclusions Strengthening health promotion activities to improve nutritional status and healthy behaviors, particularly a healthy diet, remains important for women in Indonesia to reduce the prevalence of anemia and improve their overall health status.