Abstrak Psikosis adalah gangguan jiwa yang memiliki prevalensi kecil dibandingkan gangguan jiwa lainnya tetapi mempunyai beban penyakit yang cukup tinggi. Tujuan analisis ini adalah untuk memperoleh prevalensi psikosis pada penduduk Indonesia secara nasional, per provinsi dan melihat sebaran psikosis antara perkotaan, perdesaan berdasarkan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018. Analisis ini merupakan analisis lanjut Riskesdas dilaksanakan di 34 provinsi, 514 kabupaten/kota pada bulan Juli 2018. Jumlah blok sensus 29.824 dengan respon rate 99,41%, jumlah rumah tangga dikunjungi dan diwawancara 282.654 dengan respon rate 95,58%. Enumerator bertanya kepada kepala keluarga atau yang mewakilinya mengenai adakah anggota rumah tangga (ART) di rumah tersebut yang pernah atau sedang mengalami gangguan jiwa psikosis dan berapa banyak jumlahnya. Analisis dilakukan dengan perangkat statistik SPSS versi 22 dengan metode complex sample. Berdasarkan Riskesdas 2018, didapatkan estimasi prevalensi orang yang pernah menderita psikosis di Indonesia sebesar 1,8 per 1000 penduduk. Prevalensi antar provinsi berkisar 0.9 sampai 3.5 per 1000 penduduk. Prevalensi psikosis lebih tinggi di perdesaan dibandingkan di perkotaan (p=0,099). Kata kunci: Riskesdas 2018, psikosis, prevalensi Abstract Psychosis is a mental disorder that has a small prevalence compared to other mental disorders but it has a fairly high burden of disease. The purpose of this analysis is to obtain the national, provincial prevalence of psychosis and to compare the prevalence between urban and rural regions in Indonesia based on Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2018. This is an advance analysis. Riskesdas was implemented in July 2018 in 34 provinces and 514 regencies/cities. A total of 29,824 census blocks with a response rate of 99.41%, as many as 282.654 households visited and interviewed with a response rate of 95.58%. The enumerator interviewed the head of the family or his representative regarding the existence of household members (ART) in the house who had or were experiencing psychosis and how many of them. The analysis was carried out with SPSS version 22 using the complex sample method. Based on Riskesdas 2018, an estimated prevalence of people who have suffered psychosis in Indonesia is 1.8 per 1000 population. The prevalence between provinces ranges from 0.9 to 3.5 per 1000 population. The prevalence is higher in rural than urban area (p=0.099). Keywords: Riskesdas 2018, psychosis, prevalence
Background Depression among elderly individuals is related to physical illness, functional status, prolonged treatment and other factors. Depression is not effectively treated with medication but can be alleviated by treating the physical illness and improving functional status. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between functional status and depression in elderly individuals in Indonesia. Methods The data used were obtained from a national survey dataset, namely, the Basic Health Research and Socio-Economic Survey in 2018, which was carried out in 34 provinces and 514 districts or cities. The total number of respondents was 93,829, aged ≥60 years. Functional status and depression were assessed using the Barthel index and MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), respectively. Furthermore, data processing was carried out with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 program and analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression with the complex sample method. Results Elderly individuals with severe dependence were at the greatest risk of becoming depressed compared to those without functional impairment or with independence after considering sociodemographic factors and disease history have 5.730 (95% CI = 4.302-7.632) the adj odds. Furthermore, this figure was higher than that of individuals with total dependence have 4.147 (95% CI = 3.231-5.231) the adj odds. The physical illness experienced also played a role in the risk for depression, which was higher among elderly individuals with stroke and a history of injury. The sociodemographic factors involved include low education and economic levels. In contrast, the area of residence and marital status had no statistically significant effect on the relationship between functional disorders and depression. Conclusions Elderly individuals with decreased functional status are prone to depression. The highest probability for depression was observed among those with severe dependence compared to those with total dependence. Consequently, interventions that involve various sectors, including social and family support, are needed.
Background and objectives Anemia remains a major public health problem worldwide. This study examined the relationship between anemia and the nutritional status of non-pregnant women aged 19–49 years in Indonesia. Methods and study design The data were derived from the 2018 Basic Health Research Data of Indonesia. We used information from 11,471 non-pregnant women aged 19–49 years. The dependent variable was anemia (hemoglobin level <12 g/dL). The independent variable was women’s nutritional status, a combined indicator of body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Our analysis controlled for women’s age, education, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and the presence of communicable or non-communicable diseases. We performed logistic regression analyses. Results The prevalence of anemia in non-pregnant women aged 19–49 years was 22.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.4–23.3). Women with overweight and obesity were less likely to develop anemia than those with a normal BMI, regardless of their MUAC score. The highest odds for developing anemia were observed in underweight women with low MUAC scores (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.83, 95%CI: 2.19–3.68). Higher odds ratios were also observed in women with insufficient physical activity, despite their sufficient consumption of fruits or vegetables (aOR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.06–3.28). However, women who had been diagnosed with a non-communicable disease had a reduced likelihood of developing anemia (aOR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.67–0.83). Conclusions Strengthening health promotion activities to improve nutritional status and healthy behaviors, particularly a healthy diet, remains important for women in Indonesia to reduce the prevalence of anemia and improve their overall health status.
In Indonesia, measuring the success of development of a region is increasingly needed with the enactment of the Regional Autonomy System (OTDA). There are many methods or indicators that can be used as a measuring tool. The Public Health Development Index (IPKM) is one of the indicators that can be used to measure the success of community health development. This study aims to explore the correlation between several indicators of sub-index of Health Service (Yankes) and sub-index of Reproductive Health (Kespro) which become part of IPKM. Another purpose of this analysis is to find out which indicators are most leveraging for the Kespro sub-index. The method to analyse the data used Multiple Linear Regression with the district as the unit of analysis. According to the RISKESDAS 2013 data, there are 497 districts/cities in 33 provinces in Indonesia. RISKESDAS 2013 and Podes 2011 data are used by IPKM 2013. The results of the analysis show that the largest indicator giving the leverage of Kespro sub-index. That are the coverage of birth delivery by health worker in health facilities after controlled by the proportion of physicians per sub-district, the proportion of adequate posyandu per region and the health service coverage ownership (Jaminan Pelayanan Kesehatan/JPK) in each district. Abstrak Pengukuran keberhasilan pembangunan suatu daerah semakin dibutuhkan dengan berlakunya sistim Otonomi Daerah (Otda) di Indonesia. Banyak metode atau indikator yang dijadikan alat ukurnya. Untuk mengukur keberhasilan pembangunan kesehatan masyarakat, Indeks Pembangunan Kesehatan Masyarakat (IPKM) menjadi salah satu indikator yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali hubungan beberapa indikator pembentuk sub indeks Pelayanan Kesehatan (Yankes) terhadap sub indeks Kesehatan Reproduksi (Kespro) yang menjadi bagian dari IPKM. Tujuan lain dari analisa ini yakni menggali indikator mana yang paling memberi efek ungkit bagi sub indeks Kespro. Metode analisa yang digunakan adalah Regresi Linier Berganda dengan kabupaten sebagai unit analisanya. Terdapat 497 kabupaten di 33 provinsi di Indonesia sesuai dengan jumlah kabupaten pada saat Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) dikumpulkan pada tahun 2013. Riskesdas 2013 dan Podes 2011 menjadi sumber data yang digunakan IPKM 2013. Hasil dari analisa didapat indikator yang paling besar memberikan daya ungkit sub indeks Kespro yakni cakupan persalinan ditolong oleh tenaga kesehatan di fasilitas kesehatan setelah dikontrol proporsi jumlah dokter per kecamatan, proporsi jumlah posyandu per desa dan kepemilikan Jaminan Pelayanan Kesehatan (JPK) di setiap kabupaten.
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