The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of combined training without caloric restriction on inflammatory markers in overweight girls. Thirty-three girls (13-17 years) were assigned into overweight training (n = 17) or overweight control (n = 16) groups. Additionally, a normal-weight group (n = 15) was used as control for the baseline values. The combined training programme consisted of six resistance exercises (three sets of 6-10 repetitions at 60-70% 1 RM) followed by 30 min of aerobic exercise (walking/running) at 50-80% VO2peak, performed in the same 60 min session, 3 days/weeks, for 12 weeks. Body composition, dietary intake, aerobic fitness (VO2peak), muscular strength (1 RM), glycaemia, insulinemia, lipid profile and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-10, leptin, resistin and adiponectin) were measured before and after intervention. There was a significant decrease in body fat (P < 0.01) and increase in fat-free mass (P < 0.01), VO2peak (P < 0.01), 1 RM for leg press (P < 0.01) and bench press (P < 0.01) in the overweight training group. Concomitantly, this group presented significant decreases in serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (P < 0.05) and leptin (P < 0.05), as well as in insulin resistance (P < 0.05) after the experimental period. In conclusion, 12 weeks of combined training without caloric restriction reduced inflammatory markers associated with obesity in overweight girls.

Resumo -Nos últimos anos, a obesidade assumiu proporções epidêmicas, relacionando-se aos fatores de risco cardiovasculares e também ao aparecimento de alterações posturais, tanto no adulto como em crianças e adolescentes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar e comparar a frequência de alterações posturais e dor em escolares obesos e não obesos de acordo com o gênero. Foram analisadas 51 crianças e adolescentes, de 9 a 17 anos, de ambos os sexos, divididas em dois grupos: obesos (n=33) e não-obesos (n=18), estes foram posteriormente subdivididos por sexo para as análises. A partir da massa corporal e da estatura, foi calculado o índice de massa corporal (IMC). Utilizou-se questionário elaborado pelos autores e validado em conteúdo para avaliar a presença ou não de dor. Foram avaliados desvios posturais de ombro, cabeça e joelho, pelo uso de fotometria para análise angular e de dimensão. Os meninos obesos apresentaram maiores alterações posturais do que os não-obesos somente na região do joelho (p<0,01). Entre as meninas, não houve diferença para nenhuma das regiões. A frequência de dor nas meninas obesas foi significativamente maior do que nas não-obesas (p<0,05). Conclui-se que as alterações não são exclusivas dos indivíduos obesos, mas o excesso de peso pode acentuar esses desvios. Mais estudos são necessários para diagnosticar, já na infância, essas alterações, possibilitando intervenção precoce e boa postura na vida adulta. Palavras-chave: Adolescente; Criança; Dor; Fotometria; Obesidade; Postura. Abstract -Obesity has reached epidemic proportions over recent years and is related to cardiovascular risk factors, as well as to the occurrence of postural changes in adults, children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of postural abnormalities and pain in schoolchildren. Fifty-one children and adolescents of both genders aged 9-17 years were divided into an obese (n = 33) and a non-obese group (n = 18

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between total and abdominal adiposity with metabolic parameters and inflammatory markers, in female adolescents. Subjects and methods: The sample consisted of 53 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years from a public school in Curitiba, Brazil. The adiposity indicators studied were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), trunk fat mass (TKFM), total fat mass (TFM) and body fat percentage (BF%) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The metabolic and inflammatory parameters studied were systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), leptin, adiponectin and resistin. Results: Eighty percent of WC variation, 87% of TKFM and TFM, and 73% of BF% were predicted by BMI variation. There was a significant positive correlation between all indicators of adiposity with SBP, DBP, insulin, HOMA-IR, CRP and leptin. Triglycerides were positively correlated with BMI and WC, and adiponectin correlated negatively with BMI. TNF-α, IL-6, glucose, total cholesterol, and high-and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not correlate to the studied variables. Conclusion: BMI showed a significant association with most of the parameters studied, and WC was slightly better than BMI to predict insulin resistance in this specific population. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(4):325-34

The A allele is associated with a worse outcome in response to the hypocaloric dietary intervention regarding abdominal circumference reduction; the same allele did not show interaction with any anthropometric outcomes in response to the exercise program applied.

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O estudo teve como objetivo revisar sistematicamente a literatura sobre espessamento médio-intimal (EMI), pressão arterial (PA) e perfil lipídico (PL) de crianças e adolescentes obesos e não obesos. A busca foi realizada em bases de dados eletrônicas (PubMed, Bireme e Elsevier ScienceDirect) entre 2000-2010. Os seguintes descritores, em inglês, foram usados: "obesity", "adolescents", "atherosclerosis" e "child", sendo utilizadas duas combinações: obesity+child+atherosclerosis e obesity+adolescents+atherosclerosis. A busca eletrônica inicial resultou em 3.211 artigos. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, 13 artigos foram selecionados. Destes, dois estudos demonstraram correlação significativa entre EMI e as variáveis PA, LDL e triglicerídeos. Nos outros estudos, não houve correlações significativas. Houve grande variabilidade metodológica entre os estudos. No entanto, obesos apresentaram maiores valores de EMI, PA e PL.

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Purpose The rs9939609 SNP (T > A) in FTO gene is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed at verifying whether this SNP influenced biochemical outcomes of children and adolescents who are overweight/obese submitted to a program of physical exercise and also if there was influence on basal levels of these biochemical variables. Methods The sample was composed by 432 children and adolescents grouped in three ways (obese, overweight, and normal weight); of these, 135 children and adoloescents who are obese and overweight were submitted to a physical exercise program for 12 weeks. All were genotyped by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Results The children and adolescents who are overweight/obese and carriers of AA genotype had higher levels of insulin (p=0.03) and HOMA (p=0.007) and lower levels of glucose (p=0.003), but the SNP did not modulate the response to physical exercise. Conclusions In our study, the rs9939609 AA genotype was associated with parameters related to insulin metabolism but did not interact with physical exercise.