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The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of combined training without caloric restriction on inflammatory markers in overweight girls. Thirty-three girls (13-17 years) were assigned into overweight training (n = 17) or overweight control (n = 16) groups. Additionally, a normal-weight group (n = 15) was used as control for the baseline values. The combined training programme consisted of six resistance exercises (three sets of 6-10 repetitions at 60-70% 1 RM) followed by 30 min of aerobic exercise (walking/running) at 50-80% VO2peak, performed in the same 60 min session, 3 days/weeks, for 12 weeks. Body composition, dietary intake, aerobic fitness (VO2peak), muscular strength (1 RM), glycaemia, insulinemia, lipid profile and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-10, leptin, resistin and adiponectin) were measured before and after intervention. There was a significant decrease in body fat (P < 0.01) and increase in fat-free mass (P < 0.01), VO2peak (P < 0.01), 1 RM for leg press (P < 0.01) and bench press (P < 0.01) in the overweight training group. Concomitantly, this group presented significant decreases in serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (P < 0.05) and leptin (P < 0.05), as well as in insulin resistance (P < 0.05) after the experimental period. In conclusion, 12 weeks of combined training without caloric restriction reduced inflammatory markers associated with obesity in overweight girls.

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Objectives: To analyze the effects of physical exercise and nutritional guidance on body composition, physical fitness, lipid profile and insulin resistance among obese adolescents with and without metabolic syndrome. Methods: Sixty-four obese adolescents (26 boys), 10-16 years of age, were divided into two groups: with metabolic syndrome (n=29) and without metabolic syndrome (n=35). They were classified as having metabolic syndrome if they met three or more criteria for age and sex according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). Blood pressure, waist circumference, maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ), blood glucose, blood insulin, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and lipid profile were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. Both groups participated in 12 weeks of physical education and two nutritional guidance sessions. Each physical education session consisted of 50 min indoor cycling, 50 min of walking/running and 20 min of stretching, three times a week. Results:Fifty-five participants (with metabolic syndrome=25; without metabolic syndrome=30) completed the treatment. After 12 weeks, both groups showed reductions in body weight, BMI z-score, waist circumference, fat mass and triglycerides; and increases in height, HDL-C and VO 2peak (p<0.05). In addition, the group with metabolic syndrome presented reduced systolic blood pressure and increased insulin sensitivity (p<0.05). The risk factors for metabolic syndrome decreased by 72%. Conclusion: Following the multidisciplinary intervention, the risk factors decreased, with improvements in physical fitness and metabolic profile. The multidisciplinary intervention was effective in reducing metabolic syndrome.Key words: cardiovascular diseases; physical exercise; obesity. ResumoObjetivos: Analisar os efeitos de exercícios físicos (EF) e orientação nutricional (ON) sobre a composição corporal, aptidão física, perfil lipídico e resistência insulínica em adolescentes obesos com e sem síndrome metabólica (SM). Métodos: 64 obesos (26 meninos), com idade entre 10 a 16 anos, divididos em dois grupos: com SM (n=29) e sem SM (n=35). Utilizou-se como critério de classificação de SM a presença de três ou mais critérios para idade e sexo de acordo com Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). Mensuraram-se antes e após 12 semanas de intervenção: pressão arterial, circunferência abdominal, consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 pico ), glicemia, insulinemia, (HOMA-IR), Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) e perfil lipídico. Os dois grupos participaram de 12 semanas de EF e duas sessões de ON. Cada sessão de EF consistiu em 50 minutos de ciclismo indoor, 50 minutos de caminhada e 20 minutos de alongamento, três vezes por semana. Resultados: 55 sujeitos (com SM=25; sem SM=30) completaram o tratamento. Após 12 semanas, houve diminuição na massa corporal, IMC escore-z, circunferência abdominal, massa gorda, TG e aumento na estatura, HDL-C e VO2 pico , em ambos os grupos. Além disso, hou...

Background: Ageing is characterized by a number of physical changes that contribute to a decline in the ability to perform daily tasks. Stretching has been proposed to reduce hip flexion contracture and increase hip and pelvis range of motion, thus improving gait performance. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a supervised stretching program designed to improve the range of motion of the lower limbs alters gait kinematics in older adults. Methods: Twenty healthy older adult women (65.9 ± 4.2 years old and BMI 24.9 ± 3.5) were divided into 2 groups. The experimental group undertook 12 sessions of stretching exercises, whereas the control group did not engage in any physical activity. Gait performance was assessed at the beginning of the experiment and after the 4-week intervention period. Results: Those in the experimental group showed increased step length, higher velocity and reduced double support time after training. In addition, participants involved in the stretching program showed greater anterior and lateral pelvis tilt and also greater rotation (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on our results, we can suggest that a supervised stretching program is effective to alter a number of gait variables. Moreover, after the stretching protocol, aged participants displayed gait parameters which were similar to those reported in young healthy adults. Therefore, stretching can be used as an effective means to improve range of motion and reverse some age-related changes that influence gait performance.

Work related musculoskeletal disorders are a major concern for public health and pain is the most important symptom. The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of workplace exercises to control musculoskeletal pain and its frequency, intensity, duration and type of exercises used. The search was conducted systematically in Medline, Pubmed, Embase, Bireme, Web of Knowledge and Pedro databases. The keywords "workplace", "exercise" and "musculoskeletal disorders" were used combined. Randomized control trials which performed worksite exercises were selected and the studies were assessed by their methodological soundness. Ten articles were selected which investigated the resistance training, cardio respiratory exercises, Pilates, stretching, postural orientation and exercises for relaxation. Workplace resistance training performed at 70-85% RM, three times a week for 20 minutes promotes reduction of the pain in shoulders, wrists, cervical, dorsal and lumbar spine. However, there is no consensus regarding the total duration of the intervention for the decrease of musculoskeletal pain in these regions. Level of Evidence I, Therapeutic Studies Investigating the Results of Treatment, Systematic Review of RCTs (Randomized and Controlled Clinical Studies).

The aim of this study was to assess whether the shift from afternoon to morning classes reduces the duration of sleep and whether this reduction has any relation to body fat measurements. This is a follow-up study in which students (n = 379), 12.4 (SD(+/-)0.7) yrs old, were evaluated before and after the school schedule shift, with a 1-yr interval between the first and second data collections. Adolescents were divided into two groups: an afternoon-morning group (students who shifted from afternoon to morning classes) and an afternoon-afternoon group (students who remained in afternoon classes). The morning schedule of classes lasted from 07:30 and 12:00?h, and the afternoon schedule of classes lasted from 13:00 and 17:30?h. Self-reported bedtime, wake-up time, and time-in-bed were obtained. Body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat percentage were obtained by direct measures. The results showed a reduction of time-in-bed during weekdays for those students who changed to the morning session (p < .001). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for repeated measures of anthropometric differences between afternoon-afternoon and afternoon-morning groups showed no effect of the school schedule change on weight gain. In conclusion, the time-in-bed reduction in the period analyzed cannot be considered to be a mediating factor to modifications in overweight anthropometric indicators.

Este documento foi aprovado em reunião da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, realizada na Associação Médica do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (AMRIGS), Porto Alegre -RS, entre 30/8 e 1/9/2000, durante o III Congresso Sul-Brasileiro de Medicina do Esporte.Este documento pode ser reproduzido e distribuído, desde que seja identificado claramente como um Posicionamento Oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. tes pela crença de que o exercício poderia ser prejudicial à sua saúde. Posteriormente, foi permitido o seu ingresso em algumas modalidades de exercícios leves, que não trouxessem "risco" de complicações a um grupo que ainda era considerado frágil e provavelmente não resistiria a esforços mais intensos. Apenas em 1972 as mulheres foram admitidas a participar de competições oficiais de maratonas e outros eventos de mais longa duração.A literatura médica até recentemente não apresentava dados epidemiológicos consistentes a respeito do impacto da atividade física sobre a saúde das mulheres. Tal lacuna vem sendo corrigida com estudos recentes.Em 1996, Blair e colaboradores publicaram um acompanhamento de 8.900 mulheres, por 10 anos, demonstrando que o fator de maior peso na mortalidade geral foi a baixa aptidão física, superando todos os demais principais fatores de risco, inclusive o tabagismo. Das sucessivas publicações decorrentes da coorte das enfermeiras, extraímos que o acompanhamento por 16 anos de 84.129 mulheres mostrou incidência de 1.128 eventos coronarianos maiores (296 mortes e 832 infartos agudos do miocárdio não fatais), inversamente correlacionada com atitude favorável ao estilo saudável de vida (exercício físico regular, dieta adequada e restrição ao tabaco); 72.488 enfermeiras de 40 a 65 anos de idade, em oito anos, apresentaram 407 casos de acidentes vasculares encefálicos, forte e inversamente correlacionados à atividade física.Os benefícios da atividade física têm sido comprovados em ambos os sexos. Na mulher esta abordagem adquire algumas características próprias que incluem desde as diferenças do perfil hormonal, passando pela incidência de determinadas patologias, até as respostas e adaptações ao exercício. Na redução da pressão arterial, por exemplo, encontram-se trabalhos que mostram que a mulher, através do exercício, apresenta uma resposta de redução dos níveis tensionais mais eficiente que o homem. É importante considerar o impacto causado pelo aumento da expectativa de vida na população e o papel social e profissional adotado INTRODUÇÃO A Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte (SBME) tem oferecido periodicamente informações que possibilitem aos profissionais da área de saúde a atualização em temas relacionados às ciências do esporte. Uma das ações que tem se mostrado muito eficaz é a publicação de Posicionamentos Oficiais ou Consensos.Desde 1996 já foram publicados três documentos com estas características: 1) Atividade Física e Saúde em Indivíduos Aparentemente Saudáveis 2) Atividade Física e Saúde na Infância e Adolescência 3) Atividade Física e Saúde em In...