RESUMO -Considerando a possibilidade de atrasar o crescimento inicial de gramíneas forrageiras por meio de semeaduras em maior profundidade, de forma a proporcionar vantagem competitiva à cultura de grãos em sistemas consorciados, foram avaliados a emergência e o crescimento de cultivares de Urochloa spp. em diferentes profundidades de semeadura. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação com U. brizantha cv. Marandu e cv. Piatã e U. decumbens cv. Basilisk, semeadas nas profundidades de 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 cm. Observou-se comportamento semelhante entre os cultivares de U. brizantha quanto à porcentagem e velocidade de emergência, à altura e à massa de matéria seca de plantas aos 28 dias após a semeadura (DAS); entretanto, esses resultados diferiram dos de U. decumbens, à exceção da altura de U. brizantha cv. Piatã. As variáveis avaliadas, para todos os cultivares, tenderam à redução em profundidades maiores que 6 cm. O atraso na emergência a 0 cm, para todos os cultivares de Urochloa, não resultou em redução na altura e massa de matéria seca das plantas.Palavras-chave: Brachiaria brizantha, Brachiaria decumbens, braquiarão, capim-braquiária, capim-piatã.ABSTRACT -The emergence and growth of Urochloa spp. at different sowing depths was evaluated, considering the possibility of delaying the initial growth of forage grass by sowing it deeper to provide competitive advantage to the grain culture in crop-pasture association systems. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with U. brizantha cv. Marandu and cv. Piatã and U. decumbens cv. Basilisk, and sowing depths of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 cm. Similar behavior between U. brizantha cultivars was observed for daily emerged seedlings, emergence percentage, height and dry matter of plants at 28 days after sowing (DAS); however, these results differed from those obtained for U. decumbens, except for the height of U. brizantha cv. Piatã. The evaluated variables, for all cultivars, tended to be reduced when sown deeper than 6 cm. The delay in emergence at 0 cm without reduction, for all cultivars of Urochloa, did not result in reduced height and dry matter weight.
Soil structure has major influence on ecosystem sustainability and plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an important functional group of soil microbiota, acting in the process of aggregation, especially in agroecosystems and related to the production and plant diversity. AMF are widely distributed in tropical agroecosystems and are extremely important for development of many agricultural crops. The present study evaluated the effect of inoculation with Glomus macrocarpum in different crop sequences on plant growth, microbial activity and aggregation of a Cerrado Oxisol. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design in a4 x 4 factorial scheme. Treatments consisted of four conditions of elimination and/or introduction of AMF (NS-NI: non-sterilized and non-inoculated; NS-I: non-sterilized and inoculated; S-NI: sterilized and non-inoculated; andS-I: sterilized and inoculated) and four crop sequences (Panicum maximum/Panicum maximum, Brachiaria ruziziensis/ soybean, sorghum/soybean and Stylosanthes spp./soybean). Inoculation favored growth of Stylosanthes spp. by increasing plant growth in up to 91% when inoculated. None of the grasses benefited from G. macrocarpum introduction. We observed that G. macrocarpum inoculation associated with indigenous AMF increased microbial biomass, phosphatase activity, mean geometric diameter and mean weighted diameter. The results indicated the beneficial effects of inoculation, which reflected in soil structure improvement and, hence, to agroecosystems sustainability.Index terms: Microbial carbon, acid phosphatase, mean geometric diameter, mean weight diameter, soil structure. RESUMOA estrutura do solo exerce importante influência na sustentabilidade dos ecossistemas e no crescimento de plantas. Os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) constituem um importante grupo funcional da microbiota do solo, atuando diretamente nos processos de agregação, principalmente em agroecossistemas e têm relação direta com a produção e diversidade vegetal. Esses estão amplamente distribuídos no agroecossistemas tropicais e são extremamente importantes para o crescimento de várias espécies vegetais agrícolas. No presente estudo, avaliou-se o efeito da inoculação com Glomus macrocarpum e diferentes sucessões de culturas no crescimento vegetal, na atividade microbiana e na agregação de um Latossolo Vermelho de Cerrado. O estudo foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial 4 x 4. Os tratamentos constituíram da combinação entre quatro condições de eliminação e/ou introdução de FMA (NS-NI: não autoclavado-não inoculado; NS-I: não autoclavado-inoculado; S-NI: autoclavado-não inoculado; S-I: autoclavado-inoculado) e quatro sucessões de culturas (Panicum maximum/Panicum maximum; Brachiaria ruziziensis/soja; sorgo/soja; Stylosanthes spp./soja). A inoculação com FMAs favoreceu o crescimento do estilosantes, apresentando aumento de até 91% na produção de massa seca quando inoculado. Nenhumas das gramíneas beneficiaram-se com a introdução de G. ...
Abiotic stress interferes with plant-microbial interactions, but some microorganisms may buffer this interference. We investigated the interaction between temperature and bacterial wilt (Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens -Cff) biocontrol and the ability of Bacillus subtilis strain ALB629 to colonize bean seedlings, to inhibit pathogen growth and to use different C and N sources. B. subtilis ALB629 rif , a mutant selected from the wild population of ALB629, was used to monitor plant colonization at 20°C and 30°C. ALB629 rif was detected only in the plant roots (10 3.22 CFU g -1 ) at the lower temperature but colonized the roots, stems, and leaves (10 5.85 , 10 4.48 , and 10 4.01 CFU g -1 ), respectively, at 30ºC. The area under the disease progress curve was also different at the two tested temperatures (p < 0.01). Nevertheless, the disease reduction using ALB629 rif -treated seeds was similar: 71% and 75%, respectively, at 20 and 30ºC (p < 0.01). A higher efficiency of C and N source utilization was observed at the higher temperature, but the antagonist inhibited Cff growth equally at either temperature in vitro. Based on our results, temperature interferes with pathogen and antagonist plant colonization, but the overall suppression of bacterial wilt appears to be stabilized by ALB629.O biocontrole da murcha-de-curtobacterium é dependente da temperatura?RESUMO. Estresses abióticos interferem nas interações micro-organismo e, mas alguns microorganismos podem amenizar estes efeitos. Foi investigada a interação entre temperatura e controle biológico da murcha-de-curtobacterium (Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens -Cff) e a capacidade de Bacillus subtilis isolado ALB629 em colonizar plântulas de feijão, inibir o crescimento do patógeno e usar diferentes fontes de nutrientes. B. subtilis ALB629 rif , isolado mutante selecionado da população selvagem de ALB629 foi utilizado para rastrear a colonização da planta a 20 e 30ºC. ALB629 rif foi detectado apenas nas raízes (10 3,22 UFC g -1 ) na menor temperatura enquanto que a 30ºC, ALB629 rif colonizou as raízes, caules e folhas (10 5.85 , 10 4.48 e 10 4.01 UFC g -1 ), respectivamente. A AACPD foi diferente nas duas temperaturas testadas (p < 0,01). No entanto, a redução da doença obtida pelo tratamento de sementes com ALB629 rif foi semelhante de 71% e 75%, respectivamente a 20 e 30ºC (p < 0,01). Uma maior eficiência de utilização de fontes de C e N foi observada na temperatura mais elevada, mas o antagonista igualmente inibiu o crescimento de Cff in vitro em qualquer temperatura. Portanto, a temperatura interfere na colonização da planta pelo patógeno e pelo antagonista, mas a supressão da murcha-de-curtabacterium de modo geral parece ser estabilizado por ALB629. 410 Martins et al.
Rare earth elements, such as lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce), have been employed as agricultural inputs in some countries to enhance yield and crop quality. Benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation for maize are also well established, but effects of inoculation in coapplication with La and Ce are largely unknown. In the current study, the effects of La and Ce application were evaluated in two separate experiments, in soil and seed treatments. Both studies were performed using a completely randomized design in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. Plants were exposed to the following concentrations (mg dm-3
The purpose of this experiment was to study the phenological stages from pruning to harvest of the 'Niagara Rosada' grapevine grafted on different rootstocks grown on Cerrado conditions (Brazilian savanna) at the Goiás State, in the middle west of Brazil. The trial was carried out in Mineiros County, to evaluate phenological stages of 'Niagara Rosada' grapevines grafted on three rootstocks ('Ripária do Traviú, 'IAC-766 -Campinas' and 'IAC-572 -Jales' and cultivated on climate and soil conditions of Cerrado (Brazilian savanna). The results showed that the cycle (from pruning to harvest) of 'Niagara Rosada' had differences on number of days according to the rootstock: 109 days on 'Ripária do Traviú', 112 days on 'IAC-766', and 113 on 'IAC-572', and the thermal summation requirements to complete the phenological cycle of 'Niágara Rosada' were 1,167.4, 1,197.9 and 1,207.4 degree-days, respectively. It can be concluded that climate and soil of Cerrado provided cycle reduction of 'Niagara Rosada'.
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