Safety and security have always been indispensable condition for travel and tourism. Research and education also has to face the issues of security and safety in tourism in order to prepare future specialists of the industry by incorporating new results of research to academic curricula.
Safety and security have always been indispensable condition for travel and tourism. Research and education also has to face the issues of security and safety in tourism in order to prepare future specialists of the industry by incorporating new results of research to academic curricula.
During the conquest of the territory of today's Mexico, a young indigenous woman, mostly known as la Malinche, emerged as the main interpreter, and later lover, to the Spanish Conquistador, Hernán Cortés. Numerous written references and pictorial representations attest to her linguistic, communication and diplomatic skills, and they also reveal a fascination with her private affairs. This article applies 21 st century conceptualisation and terminology to analyse the kind of interpreting she practised and to evaluate her professional performance from an ethics perspective. By examining both contemporary and subsequent illustrations that depict her in a professional or personal capacity, the study comes to a number of interesting conclusions. First, the kind of interpreting in which la Malinche could best be described as 'interpreting in conflict zones.' Second, the iconography of interpreting displays a series of recurring motifs. Third, there seems to be a distinction between the focus in contemporary and retrospective images along the lines of skills versus ethical guidelines. Finally, this idiosyncrasy could serve as a valuable lesson for today's interpreters.
This article investigates the application of Kim’s (2001) theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation to identifying and resolving areas of conflict in mental health interpreting in Ireland and, by extension, in the wider field of community interpreting. In the context of Kim’s theoretical framework, the interpreter is the ‘stranger,’ a newcomer who undergoes a cross-cultural adaptation process in an unfamiliar environment, i.e. the host community. Potential areas of conflict in community interpreting in general and mental health interpreting in particular are examined in connection with the interrelated factors that underpin Kim’s structure and process models. It is argued that these factors also provide a framework for the mapping of conflict prevention and resolution in community interpreting. Kim’s theory is further extended to examine the complexity of potential conflict between all participants in interpreter-mediated encounters as well as possible prevention and resolution strategies.
La traducción de la doctrina cristiana a las lenguas nativas americanas durante la época colonial española presenta importantes cuestionamientos a la traductología, los cuales incitan al análisis multi-e interdisciplinar. En el presente artículo, revisamos el estado de la cuestión de la lingüística misional y del tratamiento que se ha dado al encuentro cultural, particularmente al acontecido entre indígenas nahuas y misioneros en la Nueva España durante el siglo XVI, desde la filosofía para realizar un análisis de dos ejemplos de traducción con fines de evangelización tomados de los Coloquios de 1524 de fray Bernardino de Sahagún (1986). Anotamos algunos paralelismos entre el caso colonial y ciertas iniciativas actuales y señalamos la pertinencia de algunos conceptos de la lingüística, la traductología y la filosofía para analizar el problema de la comunicación intercultural, así como el fundamento político y cultural que subyace al caso novohispano. Esto nos lleva a preguntarnos en qué medida estas traducciones, realizadas en colaboración por indígenas y misioneros, fueron un factor relevante de resistencia cultural ante los embates colonialistas de imposición religiosa.
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