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High carbonate content in soil negatively affect plant growth, because the availability of nutrients is restricted due to high pH. The present investigations were carried out to reveal possible alleviating effects of the exogenous root inoculation PGPRs on development and physiology of soilless-grown grapevines cultivated under alkaline stress in controlled glass house. pH of growth medium was increased from 7.5 to the values ranging from 7.9 (control) to 8.1 (A18) according to the bacterial inoculations by NaHCO 3 supplementations. Bacteria inoculations did not result in statistically significant differences in pH values of growth media. The bacterial population density found in the rhizosphere of grapevines ranged from 6 × 10 8 CFU mL −1 (M-3) to 9 × 10 8 CFU mL −1 (Ca-637). The highest value of shoot thickness was obtained from Ca-637 (5.3 mm), followed by A18 (5.2 mm), while M3 did not significantly affected the shoot thickness. The greatest pruning residue per vine was obtained from A18 treatment (81.5 g), followed by Ca-637 (80.8 g) while the lowest value was determined in control. Vine yield was the greatest with A18 (1128 g) treatment and was followed by Ca 637 (1059 g). Considering the general observations, root inoculation of PGPRs A18 and Ca-637 may be recommended in enhancing bioremediation of alkali growth media.

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Ekonomik olarak çok geniş bir alanda yapılan bağcılık, filoksera zararlısının geniş alanlara yayılması nedeniyle neredeyse anaç kullanılmadan yapılamaz hale gelmiştir. Mevcut asma anaçları sektörün gereksinimlerini tam olarak karşılayamadığından anaç ıslahı da süreklilik arz etmektedir. Bu maksatla vegetasyon süresi daha kısa, biyotik ve abiyotik stress koşullarına daha dayanıklı anaçların geliştirilmesine çalışılmaktadır. Bağcılıkta tetraploid üzüm çeşitlerinin yanısıra anaçların da geliştirilmesi son yıllarda daha yoğun ilgi çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 41B anacına ait tek göz çelikleri serada köklendirilip hızlı büyümeye geçtikleri dönemde farklı süre (24, 48, 72 ve 96 saat) ve dozlarda (%0.1, %0.3, %0.5, %0.7, %0.9 ve %1.1) kolhisin uygulamalarının ploidiyi teşvike yönelik etkileri incelenmiştir. Kolhisin doz ve uygulama sürelerine göre morfolojik değişikliklere neden olmuştur. Stoma boyu, stoma genişliği ve stoma alanında artış, stoma sayısında ise azalma tespit edilmiştir. Ancak flow sitometri (FC) analizlerinde sitolojik değişiklik tespit edilememiştir. Sonuçta, 41B tek göz çeliklerinden gelen sürgünlere farklı doz ve uygulama süreleriyle yapılan kolhisin uygulamalarından toplam 240 adet materyalin FC analizine göre mitotic autopolyploid bitkilere ulaşılamadağı anlaşılmıştır. 41B asma anacında kolhisinle polyploidi teşvikine yönelik tam mutasyon frekansının bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre 1/240'den daha düşüktür. Bununla birlikte kolhisinle muamele edilmiş materyalde tespit edilen önemli morfolojik farklılıklar ve FC analizlerindeki sınırlı varyasyon nedeniyle materyalin bundan sonraki sürecinin takip etmek üzere araziye aktarılarak izlenmektedir.

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Polyploidization is a breeding method that is frequently preferred today because of the genetic improvement and shortens of the breeding period without significant loss of the superior characteristics of the cultivated plants. In this study, single node micro cuttings taken from the 2-year old seedlings of Ekşi Kara, Gök Üzüm and Trakya İlkeren (2x, Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars grown in greenhouse conditions were used. Colchicine (10 mg L-1 , 20 mg L-1 and 30 mg L-1) which are used as chemical mutagen, was added to the MS medium after autoclave sterilization in vitro rooting, before the nutrient medium reached gel consistency. The effects of applications were investigated by viability and development rates, number and size of stomata, chloroplast counts and flow cytometry (FC) analysis. In Ekşi Kara, Gök Üzüm and Trakya İlkeren cultivars, the maximum decrease in stoma density values were determined in the 10 mg L-1 application (48.90%, 46.75%, 50.97% respectively). Stoma cells chloroplast counts varied in the control Kyoho (4x) cultivar in the range of 38-40, while the most significant increase in Ekşi Kara and Gök Üzüm cultivars compared to the original diploids was recorded in the 20 mg L-1 colchicine application. FC analysis was carried out in plantlets whose vitality was maintained after acclimatization and significant differences were determined in chloroplast counts. In FC analyzes with a limited number of samples, it was determined that the ploidy level of the genotypes did not change (2n = 2x). As a result of the study, it was understood that in vitro tissues respond to the applications of colchicine more and to get a successful result, type of explant, application dose and conditions are important in further studies.