Bazı üzüm çeşitlerinde in vitro poliploidi uyarımı

Abstract

Polyploidization is a breeding method that is frequently preferred today because of the genetic improvement and shortens of the breeding period without significant loss of the superior characteristics of the cultivated plants. In this study, single node micro cuttings taken from the 2-year old seedlings of Ekşi Kara, Gök Üzüm and Trakya İlkeren (2x, Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars grown in greenhouse conditions were used. Colchicine (10 mg L-1 , 20 mg L-1 and 30 mg L-1) which are used as chemical mutagen, was added to the MS medium after autoclave sterilization in vitro rooting, before the nutrient medium reached gel consistency. The effects of applications were investigated by viability and development rates, number and size of stomata, chloroplast counts and flow cytometry (FC) analysis. In Ekşi Kara, Gök Üzüm and Trakya İlkeren cultivars, the maximum decrease in stoma density values were determined in the 10 mg L-1 application (48.90%, 46.75%, 50.97% respectively). Stoma cells chloroplast counts varied in the control Kyoho (4x) cultivar in the range of 38-40, while the most significant increase in Ekşi Kara and Gök Üzüm cultivars compared to the original diploids was recorded in the 20 mg L-1 colchicine application. FC analysis was carried out in plantlets whose vitality was maintained after acclimatization and significant differences were determined in chloroplast counts. In FC analyzes with a limited number of samples, it was determined that the ploidy level of the genotypes did not change (2n = 2x). As a result of the study, it was understood that in vitro tissues respond to the applications of colchicine more and to get a successful result, type of explant, application dose and conditions are important in further studies.

The Effects of Ortho Silicone Applications on the Acclimatization Process of Grapevine Rootstocks

“…1 mg L -1 BAP was added to the medium at the beginning and shoot formation stages, and 1 mg L -1 IBA was added at the rooting stage. Plant preservative mixture (ppm) was added at a dose of 1 ml L -1 to prevent bacterial growth in explants (Kara and Yazar 2020). The explants in the culture medium were placed on shelves with a light source at 3000 lux m -2 illumination intensity in the climate room (25±1°C), developed in a 16/8 hour light/dark photoperiod (Notsuka et al 2000).…”

“…The root regions of the plantlets, which were transferred to the rooting medium after the shoot development and whose rooting development were completed, were washed in warm water and treated with fungicide and planted in containers with ReeFlowers Iceland Black Sand (Kara and Yazar 2020).…”

“…This is due to the inability to tolerate different types of stress, such as in plantlets under such stressful conditions, various plant processes such as CO2 assimilation, chlorophyll biosynthesis and water relationships are altered or severely affected (Krishna et al 2005). Similarly, in vitro grapevine propagation studies, a significant part of plantlets cannot maintain their vitality during the acclimation stage to natural environmet (Faulks and Mudge 1988;Kara and Yazar 2020). In previous studies to reduce the problems that occur in the acclimatization process of grapevine and some other plant species, arbuscular mycorrhiza applications (Krishna et al 2005),…”