In chemodynamic therapy (CDT), real-time monitoring of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is critical to reducing the nonspecific damage during CDT and feasibly evaluating the therapeutic response. However, CDT agents that can emit ROS-related signals are rare. Herein, we synthesize a semiconducting polymer nanoplatform (SPN) that can not only produce highly toxic ROS to kill cancer cells but also emit ROS-correlated chemiluminescent signals. Notably, the efficacy of both chemiluminescence and CDT can be significantly enhanced by hemin doping (∼10-fold enhancement for luminescent intensity). Such ROS-dependent chemiluminescence of SPN allows ROS generation within a tumor to be optically monitored during the CDT process. Importantly, SPN establishes an excellent correlation of chemiluminescence intensities with cancer inhibition rates in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our nanoplatform represents the first intelligent strategy that enables chemiluminescence-imaging-monitored CDT, which holds potential in assessing therapeutic responsivity and predicting treatment outcomes in early stages.

An upconverting covalent organic framework nanoplatform is designed for the first time for the near-infrared activated in situ self-reporting of photodynamic therapy in vivo.

We developed ac yclic amplification method for an organic afterglow nanoreporter for the real-time visualization of self-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). We promoted semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (PFODBT) as acandidate for emitting near-infrared afterglow luminescence.I ntroduction of ac hemiluminescent substrate (CPPO) into PFODBT (PFODBT@CPPO) resulted in as ignificant enhancement of afterglow intensity through the dual cyclic amplification pathway involving singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ). 1 O 2 produced by PFODBT@CPPO induced cancer cell necrosis and promoted the release of damage-related molecular patterns,t hereby evoking immunogenic cell death (ICD)-associated immune responses through ROS-based oxidative stress. The afterglow luminescent signals of the nanoreporter were well correlated with light-driven 1 O 2 generation and anti-cancer efficiency.T his imaging strategy provides an on-invasive tool for predicting the therapeutic outcome that occurs during ROSmediated cancer therapy.

The in situ and real-time supervising of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during the photodynamic therapy (PDT) is of great significance for lessening the nonspecific damage and guiding personalized therapy....