Objective To evaluate the impact of pre‐eclampsia on cesarean delivery by using the Robson classification. Methods A retrospective cross‐sectional study including all women who delivered in a referral maternity hospital in southeast Brazil from January 2017 to February 2018. Women were classified into 1 of 10 Robson groups and then further subdivided into pre‐eclampsia (PE) and non‐PE (NPE) groups. Frequency of cesarean was determined for each group and compared by using χ2 and prevalence ratio. Results Overall, 3102 women were included, of whom 1578 (50.9%) delivered by cesarean. Classification in Robson group 5 was the most frequent among all women (n=727, 23.4%). In the PE group (n=258, 8.3%), group 10 was the most frequent classification (n=120, 46.5%); in NPE, Robson group 5 was the most frequency (n=682, 24.0%). Pre‐eclampsia was associated with a higher occurrence of cesarean (77.5% vs 48.4%; prevalence ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.82–2.82), owing to higher rates in Robson groups 1, 5, and 10. Conclusion Pre‐eclampsia was associated with a higher occurrence of cesarean delivery in some Robson groups. Robson classification may be used to evaluate the impact of specific conditions at a facility level to help plan future interventions to optimize the use of cesarean.

INTRODUÇÃO: As malformações congênitas são representadas por anomalias funcionais ou estruturais do desenvolvimento fetal. Destaca-se a Encefalocele, Microcefalia, Hidrocefalia Congênita, Espinha Bífida, outras Malformações do cérebro, outras Malformações da medula espinhal e outras Malformações do sistema nervoso. OBJETIVO: Descrever a tendência temporal das malformações congênitas do sistema nervoso no período de 2010 a 2014 no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico descritivo de tendência temporal englobando os anos de 2010 a 2014, cujos dados foram coletados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde DATASUS, no sistema de informação sobre nascidos vivos (SINASC) sendo que estes respectivos dados estão de acordo com as estimativas populacionais do IBGE. A seleção da amostra foi realizada a partir da plataforma Informações de Saúde (TABNET). Foram incluídos recém-nascidos com malformações congênitas do sistema nervoso registrados nos anos de 2010 a 2014 no Brasil, sendo identificadas pelo CID-10: Q00 a Q007. As variáveis desse estudo foram: Região (Norte, Nordeste, Sul, Sudeste e Centro Oeste), sexo (masculino e feminino), tipo de parto (vaginal, cesáreo e fórceps), idade da mãe, idade gestacional e peso ao nascer. RESULTADOS: Os maiores números de ocorrência das malformações através do DATASUS, no período de 2010 a 2014 foi na região do Sudeste, seguido do Nordeste. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo demonstrou um panorama epidemiológico dos casos de malformações congênitas do sistema nervoso. Esses resultados servem como ferramenta para planejamento e intervenções em saúde, assim como, para um melhor entendimento dos gestores públicos, a fim de atender essa população e direcionar investimento nessa área.

The nasal mucosa is the main gateway for entry, replication and elimination of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the pathogen that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19). The presence of the virus in the epithelium causes damage to the nasal mucosa and compromises mucociliary clearance. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens in the nasal mucociliary mucosa of patients with a history of mild COVID-19 and persistent inflammatory rhinopathy. We evaluated eight adults without previous nasal diseases and with a history of COVID-19 and persistent olfactory dysfunction for more than 80 days after diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Samples of the nasal mucosa were collected via brushing of the middle nasal concha. The detection of viral antigens was performed using immunofluorescence through confocal microscopy. Viral antigens were detected in the nasal mucosa of all patients. Persistent anosmia was observed in four patients. Our findings suggest that persistent SARS-CoV-2 antigens in the nasal mucosa of mild COVID-19 patients may lead to inflammatory rhinopathy and prolonged or relapsing anosmia. This study sheds light on the potential mechanisms underlying persistent symptoms of COVID-19 and highlights the importance of monitoring patients with persistent anosmia and nasal-related symptoms.

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BACKGROUND: The nature of liver disease, the evolutionary course and duration of liver diseases, as well as the degree of severity and disability can trigger multiple outcomes with repercussions on neuromotor acquisition and development. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of liver disease on the neuropsychomotor development of children and adolescents with their native livers and those who underwent liver transplantation. METHODS: Observational studies published since the early 1980s until June 2019 were sought in the PubMed and Scopus databases. An α value of 0.05 was considered significant. The statistical heterogeneity of the treatment effect between the studies was assessed by the Cochran’s Q test and the I2 inconsistency test, in which values above 25 and 50% were considered indicative of moderate and high heterogeneity, respectively. Analyses were performed with Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies met the eligibility criteria, including 909 children and adolescents with liver disease. Meta-analyses showed deficits in total IQ -0.41 (95%CI: -0.51 to -0.32; N: 9,973), verbal IQ -0.38 (95%CI: -0.57 to -0.18; N: 10,284) and receptive language -0.85 (95%CI: -1.16 to -0.53; N: 921) in liver transplantation, and those with native livers who had symptoms early had total and verbal IQ scores (85±8.8; 86.3±10.6 respectively) lower than the scores of those with late manifestations (99.5±13.8; 96.2±9.2). Gross motor skill was reduced -46.29 (95%CI: -81.55 to -11.03; N: 3,746). CONCLUSION: Acute or chronic liver disease can cause declines in cognitive, motor and language functions. Although the scores improve after liver transplantation, children remain below average when compared to healthy children.

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Introduction Children with chronic liver diseases are exposed to biological and/or environmental risk factors that can compromise their neuromotor acquisition and development of functional skills. Objective To describe the neuropsychomotor development (NPMD) and functional skills of children with chronic liver diseases. Methods Cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study carried out with children up to 6 years old who were selected at a reference hospital in the state of Bahia, Brazil, from November 2019 to March 2020. Children in outpatient care with clinical, laboratory and histological diagnosis compatible with chronic liver disease were considered eligible. The instrument for assessing neuropsychomotor development was Denver II. Functional skills were obtained by applying the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory computer-adaptive test (PEDI-CAT) to parents or primary caregivers, Speedy version (Speedy-CAT). Results Of the 34 children with chronic liver disease, 52.9% were female, aged between 4 and 6 years (64%). The results of the Denver II test showed that 68.7% (22/32) of the sample were at risk for NPMD. In the PEDI-CAT, the scores of children with liver disease at risk for NPMD were 60.7 ± 9.1 in the daily activity domains, 57.6 ± 11.8 in mobility and 48.3 ± 6.2 in the social/cognitive domains. Conclusion Children with chronic liver disease are at risk for NPMD, although not presenting impaired functional skills when evaluated by the PEDI-CAT.

não significativa ao nível de p-valor > 0,05 (**) Correlação siginificativa ao nivel de p-valor <0,05. CONCLUSÕESAs alterações de sono, sonolência diurna e memória demonstraram-se de forma importante nos acadêmicos do curso de medicina da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Além disso, fica evidente uma relação direta entre problemas no sono e na memória, sendo a hipótese glinfática uma possível explicação sobre isso.