Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 Antigens in the Nasal Mucosa of Eight Patients with Inflammatory Rhinopathy for over 80 Days following Mild COVID-19 Diagnosis

Santos, Juliana Costa; Rabelo, Marjory Ximenes; Sebben, Luana Mattana; Carneiro, Matheus Vinícius de Souza; Botelho, João Bosco; Neto, José Cardoso; Barbosa, Anderson Nogueira; Carvalho, Diego Monteiro de; Pontes, Gemilson Soares

doi:10.3390/v15040899

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Four of those patients demonstrated persistent anosmia. These results propose that persistent SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens in mild COVID‐19 patient nasal mucosa may cause inflammatory rhinopathy and persistent or relapsing anosmia 196 …”

Section: Diagnosis Of Viral Persistence In Long Covid Patientsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Furthermore, they observed significant platelet hyperactivation, which leads to shedding of the platelet's granular content into the circulation, comprising PF4 172 . Costa dos Santos et al assessed eight adult cases who had no prior nasal diseases, a history of COVID‐19, and persistent olfactory dysfunction for over 2.6 months following mild COVID‐19 diagnosis 196 . Nasal mucosa samples were obtained through brushing of the middle nasal concha.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Viral Persistence In Long Covid Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intrinsic factors behind long COVID: III. Persistence of SARS‐CoV‐2 and its components

El‐Baky,

Amara,

Uversky

et al. 2023

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Considerable research has been done in investigating SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, its characteristics, and host immune response. However, debate is still ongoing over the emergence of post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (PASC). A multitude of long‐lasting symptoms have been reported several weeks after the primary acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection that resemble several other viral infections. Thousands of research articles have described various post‐COVID‐19 conditions. Yet, the evidence around these ongoing health problems, the reasons behind them, and their molecular underpinnings are scarce. These persistent symptoms are also known as long COVID‐19. The persistence of SARS‐CoV‐2 and/or its components in host tissues can lead to long COVID. For example, the presence of viral nucleocapsid protein and RNA was detected in the skin, appendix, and breast tissues of some long COVID patients. The persistence of viral RNA was reported in multiple anatomic sites, including non‐respiratory tissues such as the adrenal gland, ocular tissue, small intestine, lymph nodes, myocardium, and sciatic nerve. Distinctive viral spike sequence variants were also found in non‐respiratory tissues. Interestingly, prolonged detection of viral subgenomic RNA was observed across all tissues, sometimes in multiple tissues of the same patient, which likely reflects recent but defective viral replication. Moreover, the persistence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was noticed throughout the brain at autopsy, as late as 230 days following symptom onset among unvaccinated patients who died of severe infection. Here, we review the persistence of SARS‐CoV‐2 and its components as an intrinsic factor behind long COVID. We also highlight the immunological consequences of this viral persistence.

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Section: Diagnosis Of Viral Persistence In Long Covid Patientsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Diagnosis Of Viral Persistence In Long Covid Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic factors behind long COVID: III. Persistence of SARS‐CoV‐2 and its components

El‐Baky,

Amara,

Uversky

et al. 2023

J of Cellular Biochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Unmasking the potential of secretory IgA and its pivotal role in protection from respiratory viruses

Sinha,

Yaugel-Novoa,

Waeckel

et al. 2024

Antiviral Research

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Long COVID, the Brain, Nerves, and Cognitive Function

Reiss

Greene

Dayaramani

et al. 2023

Neurology International

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SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded RNA coronavirus, causes an illness known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Long-term complications are an increasing issue in patients who have been infected with COVID-19 and may be a result of viral-associated systemic and central nervous system inflammation or may arise from a virus-induced hypercoagulable state. COVID-19 may incite changes in brain function with a wide range of lingering symptoms. Patients often experience fatigue and may note brain fog, sensorimotor symptoms, and sleep disturbances. Prolonged neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms are prevalent and can interfere substantially in everyday life, leading to a massive public health concern. The mechanistic pathways by which SARS-CoV-2 infection causes neurological sequelae are an important subject of ongoing research. Inflammation- induced blood-brain barrier permeability or viral neuro-invasion and direct nerve damage may be involved. Though the mechanisms are uncertain, the resulting symptoms have been documented from numerous patient reports and studies. This review examines the constellation and spectrum of nervous system symptoms seen in long COVID and incorporates information on the prevalence of these symptoms, contributing factors, and typical course. Although treatment options are generally lacking, potential therapeutic approaches for alleviating symptoms and improving quality of life are explored.

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Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 Antigens in the Nasal Mucosa of Eight Patients with Inflammatory Rhinopathy for over 80 Days following Mild COVID-19 Diagnosis

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Intrinsic factors behind long COVID: III. Persistence of SARS‐CoV‐2 and its components

Intrinsic factors behind long COVID: III. Persistence of SARS‐CoV‐2 and its components

Unmasking the potential of secretory IgA and its pivotal role in protection from respiratory viruses

Long COVID, the Brain, Nerves, and Cognitive Function

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