This study aimed to describe nyantri (Islamic crash course) program as a leadership strategy adopted by school principals in strengthening the school organizational culture. This study used a qualitative approach via theoretical phenomenology orientation and a multicase design. The data collection was done through observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews. The validity of the data was measured by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of this study found three models of Islamic crash course performed: tashih, that is, Al-Qur'an reading competence, taushiyah (Islamic lecture) of leadership values, and apprenticeship for the application of a santri's (Islamic crash course student) character values. The benefits for the teachers are the preservation of their Al-Qur'an reading competence and the improved intensity of the leadership and application of Islamic values, which form the school organizational culture. An integration of values rooted from the three models into the institutional vision could strengthen the school organizational culture to improve school achievement.

Persistence for achievement reflected from the willingness and determination of principal to implement quality leadership will facilitate the improvement of teachers’ performance, and the two will be the determinant factors for the students’ ultimate achievement. This study aims at analyzing empirical data on the effect of instructional, transformational and spiritual leadership as independent variables, with school quality as the dependent variable. In addition, the intervening variable is teachers’ performance. This study employed the quantitative approach in which samples of 181 teachers were re taken using the proportional random sampling technique. All data were then analysed using the SEM technique with the AMOS 24 application. The findings show that: (1) there is a direct effect of instructional leadership on teachers’ performance, transformational leadership on teachers’ performance, spiritual leadership on teachers’ performance, instructional leadership on students’ achievement, transformational leadership on students’ achievement, spiritual leadership on students’ achievement, and teachers’ performance on students’ achievement. In addition, (2) there is an indirect effect of instructional leadership on students’ achievement through teachers’ performance, transformational leadership on students’ achievement through teachers’ performance and spiritual leadership on students’ achievement through teachers’ performance.

This study aimed at finding an effective leadership strategy carried out by one-roof school principals in remote areas. This study was conducted qualitatively with a multi-site approach. The data were obtained from the school principals as key informants and focus group discussion (FGD) involving all school principals, Indonesian Institute of Education Innovation Training and Consultant (LPKIPI), education staff, school supervisors, and stakeholders as the participants and resource persons. Findings suggested that (a) the problems encountered by one-roof school principals in the remote areas were significantly related to culture, economy, demography, geography, and historical aspects, (b) the characteristics of success of school principals in remote areas include a clear vision, high-spirit performance, andhab asor (low profile), active involvement in various social activities, strong motivation for continuous learning, open to feedback, having commitment to cooperate with various parties, having a high awareness that school is an educational system and the essential part from the social system in general, persistent, high confidence that they are not alone in carrying out school policies, creative, able to see the context in various perspectives, patient, polite, warm, and smart or attractive, (c) “Gethok Tular1” is the most effective leadership strategy to strengthen the role of multi-stakeholder forum (MSF), and (d) the involvement of MSF members needs to be done selectively and effectively through the identification of TKU, intensive communication with TKU, identification of other figures, discussions, and sharing roles and strengthening MSF on an ongoing basis.

Abstract:This study aims at describing the problem and capacity of leadership, the role of excellent leadership, and its behaviors of Elementary School's Principal in remote areas. This research used the qualitative approach with multi-sites study design. The data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, documentation and it analyzed inductively using modified analytic. The results showed that; 1) Elementary schools in remote areas have similar relative leadership problems and capacity; 2) there is four dominant excellent leadership played by the principal in realizing an effective school, among others: spiritual leadership, transformational leadership, the leadership of learning, and leadership of enterprener. Keywords: superior leadership, elementary school, remote areaAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan problem dan daya dukung kepemimpinan, peran kepemimpinan unggul, dan perilaku kepemimpinan unggul Kepala SD daerah terpencil. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekata kualitatif dengan rancangan studi multisitus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam; observasi berperan serta; studi dokumentasi dan dianalisis secara induktif analitik yang dimodifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan; 1) SD di daerah terpencil memiliki problem dan dukungan kepemimpinan yang relatif sama; 2) terdapat empat kepemimpinan unggul dominan yang diperankan kepala sekolah dalam mewujudkan sekolah efektif, antara lain: kepemimpinan spiritual, kepemimpinan transformasional, kepemimpinan pembelajaran, dan kepemimpinan enterprener.

The latest ‘freedom to learn’ policy, issued by the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, must be implemented by educational institutions at various levels. The principals played significant roles such as community empowerment to utilize all resources in the schools to support the policy. The research aimed to describe the principals’ efforts in improving community participation in the school and to describe the social involvement in facilitating the freedom to learn at schools. This study employed a qualitative approach with a multi-case research design, and it was conducted in Indonesia, particularly in Tana Tidung Regency in North Kalimantan, Bondowoso Regency in East Java, and Malang City in East Java. The data collection techniques included in-depth interviews and document studies, and to validate the data used a credibility technique. The data validation through the credibility technique was carried out by conducting triangulation, checking members, and improving the persistence and adequacy of reference materials. The cross-case data analysis in this study applied a constant comparative method. The analysis was conducted in all three cases resulted in the provisional findings, continued by data comparison that would later be found by the three cases. The results of this research were the principals’ efforts in enhancing community participation through cooperation with several related parties. The principals were regarded as role models in supporting the ‘freedom to learn’ policy and building cooperation with related partners. The kind of community participation varied based on the uniqueness of each region.

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In grading, one of the most common errors is made in combining two or more different test scores. This study aimed to investigate the agreement of grades calculated by weighting raw scores and standard scores. Research Methods: In this simulation study, data were simulated for midterm and final measurements. Nine conditions [3 (class level: poor, average, good) x 3 (standard deviation (SD) difference (0, 10, and 20 units)] were considered. The sample size for each measurement was taken as 60 and the replication number set to 100.

Integrity is the quality of honesty and moral principles in a person that is carried out consistently in his life as a whole. Integrity is the personality of someone who acts consistently and intact, both in words and deeds, following values and code of ethics. Efforts to strengthen the dedication and integrity of school principals and teachers are important to prepare the Indonesian generation to enter their time by continuing to renew competencies to provide the best education services. The moral debate is used as an approach to increasing the integrity of principals. Various things related to education can be used as topics in the moral debate of the principal. All these topics must remain within the corridors of Indonesian nationality. National values become the main thing to improve the quality of school education through the leadership of the principal. This is expected to foster the value of patriotism for students.