No abstract

Background: Oral and dental problem is common among many Nigerian populace. The human oral cavity is one of the most dynamic habitats for numerous bacterial species where they undergo intense interspecies competition to form multispecies biofilm structure. Aim: The present study was designed to assess the oral bacterial profile and antibiogram of Adult Patients receiving dental care at Babcock University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), Ilishan-Remo Ogun State. Methods: A total of 200 oral swab samples were collected from 200 consenting participants (100 males and 100 females). The oral swab samples were cultured on Blood agar, MacConkey agar and Mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37 o C. Gram staining, motility test and routine biochemical tests were done for the identification and characterization of the bacterial isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using the disc diffusion method. Data obtained were analysed using SPSS Statistics software package (version 18.0). Results: The bacterial species isolated include: Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter spp, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus feacalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Out of the 288 bacterial isolates obtained, 139 (65.5%) of the oral bacteria isolates were non-pathogenic in nature, while 69 (34.5%) were pathogenic. The pathogenic organism with the highest percentage occurrence was Enterobacter spp (37.7%), followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (24.6%), Enterococcus feacalis (19.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (4.9%) and the least being Escherichia coli (3.3%). Most of the Gram positive bacteria were sensitive to Augmentin, Sulbactomas, Cefroxime, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Erythromycin and Azithromycin; while most of the Gram negative bacteria were sensitive to Augumentin, Cefotaxime, Nalidixic acid, Nitrofurantoin and Gentamycin. Conclusion: Pathogenic bacteria capable of causing oral and dental problems exist in the oral cavity of Patients receiving dental care at BUTH with varied antibiotic susceptibility patterns. The outcome of this study underscored the importance of routine oral/dental checks, adequate oral/dental care and treatment of oral infection with appropriate antibiotics.

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

SUMMARY The prevalence of penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains has been steadily rising in Nigeria since 1979, and now about 80% ofthe strains of gonococci isolated in Ibadan are found to produce penicillinase. Spectinomycin has consequently become widely used in treating these infections. To ascertain the emergence of spectinomycin resistance, this study was undertaken to assess the in vivo susceptibilities of gonococcal strains to spectinomycin and other common antibiotics. Five hundred and twenty seven isolates were tested, of which 452 (85.5%) were PPNG strains. None of the strains were found to be resistant to 100 ,ug spectinomycin discs in vitro, whereas all 370 patients treated with the antibiotic were bacteriologically cured. Plasmid analysis shows that both "Asian" and "African" PPNG types are circulating in Nigeria. For the moment spectinomycin remains highly effective in treating gonococcal infections in west Africa.

Background: Some spices have been reported to play contributory role in enhancing male reproductive function. Aims: To determine the effect of Piper guineense consumption on some libido indices and behavioral pattern of male Wistar rats at different concentrations. Study Design: This is a Cross-sectional nonclinical study in animal model.

No abstract

Piper guineense is used as spice and herb, particularly to enhance libido. P. guineense has effects on penile erection and copulatory behaviour which are controlled by androgens. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of consumption of P. guineense leaves on testicular histoarchitecture. The effects of P. guineense ingestion, in form of pelleted formulation, on the histoarchitecture of the testis of adult male Wistar rats were studied. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups labelled A-F. Group A animals served as the control and they were fed ad libitum throughout the experiment. Dried and powdered P. guineense leaf was added to the feed of the rats in Groups B, C, D, E and F in graded proportions. Based on the well monitored and properly evaluated rate of feed consumption, the proportion of P. guineense in the feed for Groups B, C, D, E and F gave approximate daily dosage of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively. The regimen design was to observe the possible influence of dosage variations.

Methodology: A total of 236 stool samples were collected from diarrhoeic children of age ≤5 years from selected Hospitals in Sokoto, Nigeria. Isolation and identification of E. coli strains were carried out using standard methods and procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disc-diffusion method. Plasmid extraction was carried out using alkaline lysis method while curing of the plasmid harbouring strains was done using standard curing technique. Results: The result showed that 96 (41%) of the bacteria were E. coli, all of which were resistant to ampicillin and augmentin. The resistance to antibiotics shows 19 different resistance patterns. Sixtyone point five (61.5%) were multidrug resistant (MDR). Majority 9/10 (90%) of the MDR isolates harboured plasmids, with size ranging from 6.0 to 20 kb. All the cured strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and ceftazidime indicating that resistance to these antibiotics was plasmid mediated.Conclusion: E. coli isolates from diarrhoeic children in selected Health centres, demonstrated a significant antibiotic resistance and they harboured plasmids of diverse sizes.