Background: Prenatal depression is associated with an increased risk of physical, physiological, cardiovascular, and psychological diseases for mothers and future newborns. Prenatal depression and depressive symptoms could have negative effects on the cognitive, emotional, social, and behavioral development of children.Objective: This study aimed to examine the influence of exercise during pregnancy on the prevalence of prenatal depression and depressive symptoms in the scientific literature.Data Sources: A search was carried out examining different online databases up to November 2020.Methods of Study Selection: A systematic review with random effects meta-analysis was performed. Only randomized controlled trials published in English or Spanish with pregnant populations and interventions with exercise programs carried out during pregnancy were included. The scores obtained by the tools that measured the emotional state and depressive symptoms as well as the number and percentage of depressed women of the study groups were analyzed.Tabulation, Integration, and Results: We analyzed 15 studies and found a negative association between moderate exercise during pregnancy and prenatal depression (ES = −0.36, 95% CI = −0.58, −13, I2 = 80.2%, Pheterogeneity = 0.001). In addition, the studies also showed that women who were inactive during pregnancy had a 16% higher probability of suffering prenatal depression [RR = 0.84 (95% IC = 0.74, 0.96) I2 = 61.9%, Pheterogeneity = 0.010].Conclusion: Supervised exercise during pregnancy may be useful for the prevention and reduction of prenatal depression and depressive symptoms.Systematic Review Registration: Registered in PROSPERO (Registration No. CRD42020164819).
The aim of this study was to examine the level of physical activity during pregnancy in different populations worldwide. An intensive search was carried out from February until May 2021. The inclusion criteria were original studies of healthy pregnant women, and the main study variable was the assessment of physical activity. A total of 110 out of 1451 studies were assessed for inclusion, using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for quality, and for the risk of bias. The 44 analyzed articles were divided into 5 tables according to the characteristics of the intervention and the validated instrument used to measure physical activity (PA). A total of 59.09% of the studies indicated that participants had a low level of physical activity during pregnancy. In addition, the median quality score of the studies was 7.12, and 77.27% of the studies were cataloged as having a high-quality score. Although international guidelines recommend that women without a contraindication engage in prenatal physical activity, the results of the present study show that the level of PA is too low for women to achieve scientifically proven maternal-fetal benefits. Failure to achieve the recommended levels of weekly physical activity could pose significant risks to maternal well-being.
(1) Background: the aim of this study was to determine the factors that affect the occurrence of behaviors related to possible eating disorders in Spanish high-performance Olympic wrestling athletes. (2) Methods: The sample consisted of 22 elite female wrestlers selected through purposive sampling with inclusion criteria of (i) having been a national champion, (ii) having been part of the Spanish team, and (iii) suffering or having suffered from an eating disorder. The semistructured interviews were conducted online and lasted between 20 and 40 min. A statistical analysis was performed with NVivo10 software. (3) Results: the athletes showed a series of issues grouped into three main themes, which were divided into the following categories—firstly, the reasons why wrestlers lose weight; secondly, the inadequate procedures they use; and, finally, the reference persons involved in the process. (4) Conclusions: The training conditions in high-performance sports have psychological and behavioral effects on wrestlers. Wrestlers have to move down to lower categories; however, they do not take into account how this practice influences their health when using inadequate procedures. Rapid and significant weight loss produces negative effects, especially in the female population, generating an incidence of eating disorders. The information obtained provided elements of interest for reflection on possible solutions to prevent existing eating disorders.
ResumenEl trabajo presenta un análisis descriptivo de la opinión de los estudiantes sobre la realidad universitaria actual en el proceso de cambio promovido por el Plan Bolonia. El estudio se realizó en la facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte -INEF de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Se administró un cuestionario validado para la ocasión a una muestra compuesta por 282 estudiantes inmersos en el Plan Bolonia y 203 estudiantes inmersos en el antiguo. Los resultados muestran diferencias en función del plan de estudios cursado. En general, el colectivo de estudiantes de grado presentó valoraciones más positivas acerca de todos los aspectos analizados que el colectivo de estudiantes de licenciatura. Palabras clave: EEES, opinión estudiantes, enseñanza, organización académica, Plan Bolonia. AbstractThe paper presents a descriptive analysis of the students' opinion about the current university reality in the process of change promoted by Bologna Plan. The study was carried out in the Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport -INEF of the Technical University of Madrid. A validated questionnaire was administered to a sample composed by 282 students immersed in the Bologna Plan, and 203 students immersed in the one before. Results show differences according to the curriculum followed. In general terms students belonging to Bologna Plan showed more positive scores than students belonging to the plan before in regard of all analyzed aspects.
Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día, __________________ en __________________________________________________________ CALIFICACIÓN __________________________________________________ EL PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES EL SECRETARIO V AGRADECIMIENTOSSon innumerables las personas a las que debo agradecer su contribución en el trabajo que aquí se presenta y pido disculpas por adelantado de aquellos a los que no mencione explícitamente, esperando que sepan perdonar mi torpeza.El primero de los recuerdo debe ser a Ana Pelegrín, de quien no tuve la fortuna de ser alumno hasta que decidiera aceptarme en uno de sus solicitados seminarios. El primer contacto con ella en el auditorio del INEF abrió para mí las puertas de un universo hasta entonces desconocido, la Expresión Corporal. Posteriormente el poder formar parte como integrante del grupo Corps que ella apadrinaba y que Eduardo Castro dirigía, me permitieron amar esta actividad y contraer una deuda de difusión para con las futuras generaciones. Pero no fue hasta que pude compartir con Ana los entresijos de la asignatura que ella impartía en el INEF y para la que más tarde fui contratado como profesor asociado, que pude aprender y aprehender la sabiduría que ella quiso regalarme. En mi memoria vivirás siempre Ana.Si Ana Pelegrín fue mi impulsora espiritual, Javier Coterón ha sido el impulsor material, aceptando dirigir mi trabajo, sabiendo mezclar y diferenciar cuando resultaba pertinente la amistad y el trabajo. Compañero de trabajo, compañero de despacho, compañero de este trayecto vital que ha supuesto la realización de esta tesis. De él he recibido múltiples enseñanzas, no solo en el plano académico que también, pero sobretodo en el plano humano con los buenos y los malos momentos, con las confesiones y las reprimendas, pero siempre respetando mi proceso de crecimiento y siendo ejemplo vivo de una persona apasionada de su trabajo y convencida de su importancia. Gracias, gracias, gracias,… Muchas gracias y espero que muchos momentos y proyectos juntos. VIDe forma especial debo recordar también a las personas que me han ayudado en la elaboración de la tesis, me refiero a ti Esther Bru, a tus coloridas presentaciones y tu ayuda con los programas docentes, a ti Evelia Franco y la magia que haces con los estadísticos y las desviaciones típicas. Y también a ti Aída Adell, cuya labor menos específica pero prolongada en las diferentes actividades me ha supuesto una gran ayuda que deseo reconocer. Y al resto de compañeros del INEF por su colaboración directa, por su preocupación y sus palabras de ánimo, por todo el cariño que me han hecho sentir. Gracias a todos.Ya me referí anteriormente de pasada, pero ahora quiero hacer una especial mención sobre mi familia expresiva, todos los que formáis o habéis formado parte de Corps, sois tantos que me da miedo decir un solo nombre por no poder recordarlos todos, pero especialmente quiero agradecer a Eduardo Castro su dirección artística en los primeros años del grupo, a Rosa Rodríguez por aquel cuello que siempre reco...
Cesarean delivery may increase the need for anesthesia administration, thereby causing potential risks to both maternal and fetal health. This article aimed to investigate the effect of physical activity during pregnancy on the type of delivery, the duration of labor, and the use of epidurals (registration No.: CRD42022370646). Furthermore, 57 RCTs (n = 15301) were included showing that physical activity could decrease the risk of cesarean section (z = 3.22, p = 0.001; RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.79, 0.95, I2 = 37%, Pheterogeneity = 0.004), and 32 RCTs (n = 9468) showed significant decreases in instrumental delivery through performing physical activity (z = 3.48, p < 0.001; RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.76, 0.93, I2 = 0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.63). A significant decrease in the 15 RCTs’ (n = 4797) duration of first stage labor was found in physically active pregnant women (z = 2.09, p = 0.04; MD = −62.26, 95% CI = −120.66, −3.85, I2 = 93%, Pheterogeneity < 0.001) compared to those not active. Prenatal physical activity could decrease the risk of cesarean section and instrumental delivery and the duration of first stage labor.
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