Training Conditions and Psychological Health: Eating Behavior Disorders in Spanish High-Performance Women’s Olympic Wrestling Athletes—A Qualitative Study

Abstract

(1) Background: the aim of this study was to determine the factors that affect the occurrence of behaviors related to possible eating disorders in Spanish high-performance Olympic wrestling athletes. (2) Methods: The sample consisted of 22 elite female wrestlers selected through purposive sampling with inclusion criteria of (i) having been a national champion, (ii) having been part of the Spanish team, and (iii) suffering or having suffered from an eating disorder. The semistructured interviews were conducted online and lasted between 20 and 40 min. A statistical analysis was performed with NVivo10 software. (3) Results: the athletes showed a series of issues grouped into three main themes, which were divided into the following categories—firstly, the reasons why wrestlers lose weight; secondly, the inadequate procedures they use; and, finally, the reference persons involved in the process. (4) Conclusions: The training conditions in high-performance sports have psychological and behavioral effects on wrestlers. Wrestlers have to move down to lower categories; however, they do not take into account how this practice influences their health when using inadequate procedures. Rapid and significant weight loss produces negative effects, especially in the female population, generating an incidence of eating disorders. The information obtained provided elements of interest for reflection on possible solutions to prevent existing eating disorders.

Eating Behavior Disorders and Disordered Eating Habits in Spanish High-Performance Women’s Olympic Wrestling Athletes

“…These practices lead to negative physical and mental health consequences, affecting athletic performance and overall well-being. In addition, competition and training experience seem to be the most critical factors in the development of EDs in female wrestlers; therefore, it seems essential that athletes of all ages and experience levels receive adequate education on nutrition, healthy weight management, and the promotion of positive body image in order to prevent and address EDs in combat sports [ 11 ].…”

“…The BITE questionnaire could shed light on why EDs are not detected in female wrestlers despite the presence of symptoms and their severity. In addition, this phenomenon can be attributed to training and competition experience, as the more they compete, the more chances they have to reach a specific weight [ 11 ].…”

“…Furthermore, 33.3% acknowledged the use of laxatives for the same purpose, and 10% admitted to inducing vomiting to reduce their body weight. Previous studies, such as the one conducted by Rueda et al [ 11 ], indicated that some wrestlers had employed risky methods prior to weigh-ins. Additionally, it was found that half of the wrestlers admitted to experiencing binge-eating episodes when alone, with 10% of them reporting these episodes occurring at least two or three times per week.…”

“…Awareness of the risks of EDs among coaches, health professionals, and wrestlers themselves is critical [ 11 ]. Stress, anxiety, depression, and body-image issues are notable concerns for combat athletes, especially for females [ 12 , 13 ].…”

“…Thus, addressing these concerns comprehensively through medical, psychological, and emotional support, as well as stress management education, is imperative [ 11 ]. Specific research focusing on these issues in female Olympic wrestlers seems to be critical.…”