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Stevia was known to have potential as a sugar substitute sweetener that can be used in various processed foods, including biscuits. The problem in making biscuits was the use of granulated sugar which can increase human blood glucose and was dangerous for people with diabetes mellitus, so we needed a sugar substitute that was safe for diabetics, like a stevia, and fructose syrup. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stevia leaf powder and fructose syrup on the physicochemical and sensory properties of biscuits products based on mocaf and pedada flour. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with two factors such as stevia leaf powder (1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) and fructose syrup (10%, 15% and 20%). The best results were obtained that biscuits with 1.5% stevia leaf powder and of 10% fructose syrup which characteristics: 81.55% of yield, 3.32% of moisture, 2.13% of ash, 9.94% of fat, 10.28% of protein, 74.33% of carbohydrates, and organoleptic of taste 3.08 (slightly like), color 3.80 (like), aroma 3.68 (like), and texture 4.56 (like very much).

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Unhealthy eating patterns such as consumption of fast food, high fat, low fiber, and not followed by sufficient physical activities can cause health problems. One problem related to high glucose intake is diabetes mellitus, a type of degenerative disease. The food glycemic index is a food level according to its effect on blood glucose levels. The choice of food types that have a low glycemic index will increase insulin sensitivity; hence it is able to control blood glucose levels properly. This study aims to determine the physicochemical characteristics and organoleptic properties of biscuit most favored by consumers from various formulations of mangrove fruits flour (pedada and lindur flour) and tubers (arrowroot flour and canna flour) and to analyze the glycemic index in vivo on human. This study used a one-factor simple randomized design with ten levels of treatment, namely the proportion of mangrove fruit flour (pedada and lindur flour) and tubers (arrowroot and canna flour) of 0:100, 10:90 and 20:80, respectively. The best treatment results obtained on biscuits in pedada flour: arrowroot flour proportion of 20:80 which obtained 3.39% of water content, 3.66% of ash, 4.63% of protein, 6.61% of fat, 81.72 % of carbohydrate by difference, 64.40% of starch, 2.01% of soluble dietary fiber and 11.81% of insoluble dietary fiber. The overall sensory evaluation showed rather like with score 4.70 of taste , 4.85 of color, 4.25 of aroma and crispness. While the value of glycemic index 47.84 and 11.68 of glycemic load.

Pedada seed is one of potential anti-oxidant resources of coastal plants which is under-utilized. In this current study, pedada seed was formulated in to Robusta coffee to develop a novel coffee mix. The purpose of this study was to obtain the most ideal formula of pedada-Robusta coffee mix based on sensory evaluation using Just about Right (JAR) analysis of French-press brewed coffee mix. The best coffee mix formula was obtained for the mix of 1:1 proportion between pedada seed and Robusta coffee. There were 18 out of 19 sensory attributes of the best formula that sensorially accepted by the consumer respondents. Those included vegetative aroma, brown sugar aroma, musty aroma, sweet aroma, nutty aroma, cocoa aroma, citrus-fruit aroma, sweet taste, sour taste, body-mouth-feel, mouth-feel strength, nutty flavour, burnt flavour, chemical flavour, citrus-fruit flavour, beany flavour, roasted flavour and sweet flavour. The best pedada-coffee mix was also characterized as having mean particle size of 421.5±19.1 μm, total phenolic content of 21.55±0.21 mg GAE/g, antioxidant activity of 48.60±0.94%, caffeine content of 278.50 ± 4.95 mg/kg, total dissolved solids of 0.4±0.066% and colour with a value of L=17.0±0.0; a=18.6±0.9 and b=23.6±0.9.

Patty Burger is minced meat, shaped round, flattened, steamed first, and then fried in butter or grilled over coals. Patin fish meat was chosen because it is high protein and low fat, the use of proportions of sorghum flour and wheat flour to improve product quality so that it is not easily crushed, the addition of carrageenan as a stabilizer to improve texture. This study aimed to determine the effect of the proportion of sorghum flour and wheat with the addition of carrageenan on the quality of the patty burger of patin fish This study used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors, factor I the proportions of sorghum flour and wheat flour (60%:40%, 70%:30%, 80%:20%) and factor II carrageenan concentration (0, 5%, 1%, 1.5%). Data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA, if there was a significant difference between treatments, a 5% DMRT further test was carried out. This study showed a significant interaction with the observation parameters of moisture content, ash content, fat content, WHC, texture, starch content, food fiber, and hedonic organoleptic tests (aroma scores, color scores, taste scores). The best results were obtained in the A2B2 treatment, proportion of sorghum and wheat flour (70%:30%) with the addition of 1.0% carrageenan with the characteristics of water content 57.74%, protein content 14.47%, fat content 5.18%, texture 0.13 mm/gr/sec, WHC 16.50%, starch 17.43% and a score of 3.87 (like) for color 3.82 (slightly like) for taste and 3.75 (slightly like) for scent.

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