Consumption of noodles in Indonesia is increasing and this has an impact on increasing imports of wheat flour. Sorghum is considered to have the potential to be used as a substitute for wheat flour, because it has a fairly good nutrient content. However, it has anti-nutritional properties which can reduce digestibility. To increase digestibility, sorghum flour is modified by fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum (Modified Sorghum Flour / MOSOF). The use of MOSOF as a substitute for wheat flour cannot be 100%, this is because there is no gluten content. Research using MOSOF substitution in dried noodle products is still rarely done, so this study determined the best formula of MOSOF as a substitute for wheat flour in making dried noodles. The results showed that fermentation can increase protein, starch and moisture component of sorgum flour. Besides, the proportion of 50:50 (wheat flour: MOSOF) and egg 25% was chosen as the best treatment, because it can improve the physical and chemical quality of dried noodle products, including rehydration (%), elasticity (%), ash (% wb) and moisture (% wb) than 70:30 (wheat flour: MOSOF) (p<0.05).

Stevia was known to have potential as a sugar substitute sweetener that can be used in various processed foods, including biscuits. The problem in making biscuits was the use of granulated sugar which can increase human blood glucose and was dangerous for people with diabetes mellitus, so we needed a sugar substitute that was safe for diabetics, like a stevia, and fructose syrup. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stevia leaf powder and fructose syrup on the physicochemical and sensory properties of biscuits products based on mocaf and pedada flour. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with two factors such as stevia leaf powder (1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) and fructose syrup (10%, 15% and 20%). The best results were obtained that biscuits with 1.5% stevia leaf powder and of 10% fructose syrup which characteristics: 81.55% of yield, 3.32% of moisture, 2.13% of ash, 9.94% of fat, 10.28% of protein, 74.33% of carbohydrates, and organoleptic of taste 3.08 (slightly like), color 3.80 (like), aroma 3.68 (like), and texture 4.56 (like very much).

Jelly drink is a gel-based beverage product, which can be made from hydrocolloid compounds by addition of sugars, acids, and or without other food additives, sinbiotics are a combination of probiotics and prebiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect concentration of carrageenan and fermentation timt on the quality of jelly drink sinbiotik soy milk and red dragon fruit extract. The method used in this research is Completely Randomized Design with two factors. The first factor was the concentration of carrageenan (0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%) and the second factor of fermentation time (18 hours, 20 hours, 22 hours and 24 hours). To know the difference between treatments used Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT 5%). The results showed that the best treatment was the addition of carrageenan 0,8% and the fermentation time of 24 hours which resulted jelly drink sinbiotik with pH value 3,7, total acid 1,02%, total lactic acid bacteria (BAL) 11,13 log cfu/ml, total sugar 7.92%, 1.89% dissolved protein, total anthocyanin 0.645% and gel strength 3.27 N.

Biscuit formulation was produced from the partial substitution of wheat flour using mangrove fruit flour (MFF) with the addition of an emulsifier. In this study, Pedada (Sonneratia caseolaris) and Lindur (Bruguiera ghymnorhiza) were used as two varieties of MFF. Lecithin and sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL) was used to enhance the physical properties of the biscuits. An experiment was conducted by replacing wheat flour with MFF at different levels (0%, 20%, and 30%). Margarine, sugars, eggs, glucose syrups, and emulsifiers were added after mixing wheat flour with MFF, baking powder, and milk powder uniformly. Dough sheets were formed and baked on a greased tray at 1500C for 10 to 15 min. The biscuits produced were analyzed for spread ratio, breaking strength, and color (L*, a*, and b*), ranging from 4.13–5.07; 54.07–89.77 N; and 34.70–50.90 L*, 15.17–18.80 a*, and 12.00–28.07 b*, respectively. The analysis of chemical composition showed that the carbohydrate ranged from 90.99–93.60%, protein 4.26–7.12%, fat 0.22–0.59%, ash 0.93–1.75%, and moisture 0.88–1.36%, and the energy value spanned over 391.10–395.33 cal/100 g. Sensory evaluation rating, substitution of 20% with MFF, and SSL addition had the highest acceptability compared to other formulations.

Makaroni pada umumnya terbuat dari tepung terigu, namun untuk mengurangi impor bahan baku tepung terigu diperlukan bahan baku lokal pengganti tepung terigu. Tepung cassava dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti tepung terigu. Penambahan tepung biji nangka diperlukan untuk memperbaiki kandungan gizi pada makaroni. Ekstrak daun kelor sebagai pengganti air dan pewarna alami. Gum xanthan ditambahkan untuk memperbaiki karakteristik makaroni. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh proporsi tepung cassava dan tepung biji nangka serta konsentrasi gum xanthan dan penambahan ekstrak kelor sebagai pengganti air dan perwarna alami terhadap karakteristik makaroni yang dihasilkan, sehingga makaroni yang dihasilkan berkualitas baik dan disukai konsumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan makaroni tepung cassava dan tepung biji nangka (70:30) dan konsentrasi gum xanthan 2% merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan nilai kadar air 10,776%, kadar abu 1,680%, kadar pati 65,781%, kadar protein 5,430%, kadar amilosa 19,741%, serat kasar 3,745%, aktivitas antioksidan 10,530%, cooking loss 2,691%, daya rehidrasi 102,676%, serta uji organoleptik yang menunjukkan nilai warna 3,96, aroma 3,04, rasa 3,32, dan tekstur 3,64.

No abstract

This research aimed to determine the effect of the type of fruit extract as an acidulant and calcium chloride concentration on the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of cottage cheese. The research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors and three repetitions to produce 27 treatments. Data analysis using ANOVA was continued with Duncan's new multiple range test (DNMRT) at a significance level of 5%.  The first factor was the type of fruit extract as an acidulant (A) which consists of three levels. that was wuluh starfruit 30% (A1). lime 7.5% (A2). lemon 7.5% (A3) and concentration of calcium chloride (B) which consists of three levels (0.01% (B1). 0.02% (B2). and 0.03% (B3)). Parameters observed included pH. titratable acidity. water content. yield. calcium. fat content. protein content. ash. hardness and organoleptic analysis including taste. aroma. color. and hardness. The results of the treatment of fruit extract as an acidulant and calcium chloride concentration significantly affected the pH value. titratable acidity. yield. water content. hardness. yield. calcium. fat content. protein content. ash. and organoleptic tests. Cottage cheese treated with 7.5% lemon acidulant and 0.02% calcium chloride was the best treatment with pH 5.14. titratable acidity 2.99%. water content 62.04%. yield 24.98%. calcium 1.152 mg/100 g. 0.074% fat. 17.89% protein. 12.45 of hardness. and taste not sour. not fruity. moderate yellowish-white color. and not hard.

Gelatin is derived from the hydrolysis of the animal collagen contained in the bones and skin. Milkfish bones have the potential to be used as raw materials for gelatine production because it is estimated to be 15–20% of the total body weight of the fish. The extraction of gelatine from fish bones is a solution in utilizing the waste of the fish processing industry. Hydrolysis or soaking in an acidic solution against collagen is aimed to eliminate the salt of calcium and other minerals in the cartilage. This research was conducted to determine the influence of acid types and concentration on the milkfish bones gelatine production. This study used a completely randomized factorial design with two factors. The first factor was the type of acid (citric acid, acetic acid, and a mixture of citric and acetic acids), while the second factor was the concentration of acid (5%, 9%, and 13%). The data obtained were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) Advanced test. The results showed that the type and concentration of acid affected the yield, gel strength, viscosity, melting point, and gelling point. The best treatment in this study was extraction using a 9% concentration of citric acid to produce gelatine with a yield of 10.48%, gel strength 283.1 g bloom, viscosity 4.35 cP, melting point 60.1°C, gel point 16.9°C. Identification of gelatine functional groups was carried out on gelatine from the best treatment using FT-IR Spectrophotometer. From the results of FT-IR spectra analysis, it is known that the functional groups present in the sample are – OH, C-O, N-H, C-H, C-N, C=O which are the main functional groups of gelatine. This study showed that the type and concentration of acid affected the characteristics of milkfish bone gelatine