The effects of dietary calcium (Ca) concentration and calcium: phosphorus (Ca:P) ratio on mineral balance and nephrocalcinosis were studied in female rats. In the first experiment there were two dietary Ca concentrations (0.25 and 0.50%, wt/wt) at two different Ca:P ratios (0.6 and 1.3). In the second experiment the diets were formulated to contain 0.40% P and either 0.13, 0.25, 0.50 or 0.75% Ca. The diets contained 0.03% magnesium (Mg). The fecal outputs of Ca, P and Mg were lower (P less than 0.01) after feeding low Ca diets than after feeding high Ca diets. Urinary excretion of P decreased with increasing dietary Ca and increased with increasing P intake. In rats fed the 0.25% Ca diets whole-body retentions of Ca and P were lower than in the rats fed 0.50% Ca. Both increases in dietary Ca from 0.13 to 0.50% and P from 0.20 to 0.40% elevated Ca and P content of kidneys as well as the degree of nephrocalcinosis. However, after feeding the highest Ca concentration (0.75%) nephrocalcinosis was essentially absent while kidney concentrations of Ca and P were relatively low. When compared with 0.50% Ca in the diet, 0.75% Ca increased group mean whole-body retention of Ca but lowered that of P. In individual rats the degree of nephrocalcinosis and the concentrations of minerals in kidney were positively correlated.
A cultured microflora obtained from the caecum of a 'normal' mouse was given to 4 groups of germfree mice and was supplied 1x, 2x, 3x and 4x respectively at 5-day intervals. Another group received a 10-7 dilution of the caecal flora while a group associated with an 'SPF' flora served as control. The difference (measured by 8 parameters) between mice supplied with the cultured flora or with a 10-7 dilution, both given once only, was small. Supplying the flora 3x resulted in more 'normal' mice compared with mice which received the flora once or twice. The caeca of specified-pathogen-free mice contained more bacteria per gram (microscopic bacterial count), less aerobic and anaerobic bacteria per gram (viable counts), while the yield as percentage of the microscopic bacterial count was lower as compared with the group to which a cultured flora was supplied 4 times.
Germfree (GF) mice were inoculated with a cultured flora from 10-1, 10-3, 10-5, and 10-7 dilutions of caecal contents from a 'normal' mouse. GF mice associated with a flora of a 'normal' mouse served as controls. The following intestinal parameters were determined: Colonization resistance (CR), Relative caecal weight (RCW), villus:crypt ratio (jejunum and ileum), IgA-producing cells (jejunum and ileum), ß-aspartyl glycine (faeces), volatile and non-volatile fatty acids (caecum) and bile acids (faeces). Only the 10-1 culture was able to induce similar changes in the GF mice to a 'normal' flora. The GF + 10-5 and GF + 10-7 groups deviated markedly from the controls while the GF + 10-3 group showed in general intermediate values between GF + SPF and GF + 10-1 on the one hand and GF + 10-5 and GF + 10-7 on the other hand. ß-aspartyl glycine was present only in the GF + 10-7 group. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of ileal contents revealed segmented filamentous organisms in the ileum of controls and the GF + 10-1 group. The faecal flora consisted mainly of fusiform organisms. In the faeces of the 10-5 and 10-7 groups increasing amounts of non-bacterial matter were found, while in the faeces of the other groups virtually only bacteria were seen.
In 2 gulneapigs umbilicated tumours localized in the subcutis were diagnosed as trichofolliculomas. Histopathological examination revealed easily recognizable groups of abortive hair follicles arranged around a complex central space. A 3rd case was a sebaceous gland adenoma, also situated in the subcutis.
Mucosal cysts were observed microscopically in the duodenum, jejunum and, to a lesser extent, stomach and large intestine in 102 out of 236 beagle dogs examined. These dogs were used in toxicity studies or had died spontaneously in a breeding colony. The cysts were lined by intestinal epithelium and filled mainly with cellular debris and mucus. Pathogenesis and aetiology of the lesion are unknown. SCHLEIMHAUTCYSTEN 1M VERDAUUNGSTRAKT VON BEAGLE-HUNDEN Schleimhautcysten wurden mikroskopisch im Duodenum, Jejunum und, in kleinerem Ma~e, im Magen und Dickdarm bei 102 von 236 untersuchten Beagle-Hunden beobachtet. Diese Hunde wurden in Studien tiber Toxizitat benutzt, oder sie waren spontan in einer Zuchtkolonie gestorben. Die Cysten waren mit Darmepithelium umgeben, und .~nthielten hauptsachlich Zellenreste und Schleim. Die Pathogenese und Atiologie der Lesionen sind nicht bekannt. KYSTES DE LA MEMBRANE MUQUEUSE DANS LE TUBE D1SEGTlF DES CHIENS BEAGLE Des kystes de la membrane muqueuse furent observes sous microscope dans Ie duodenum, jejunum et, en moins grande mesure, dans I'estomac et Ie gros intestin de 102 sur 236 chiens Beagle examines. Ces chiens furent utilises pour des etudes de toxicite, ou etaient morts spontanement dans une colonie d'elevage. Les kystes etaient bordes d'epithelium intestinal et remplis principalement de debris cellulaire et de mucus. On ignore la pathogenese et I'etiologie de la lesion.
C3H/He mice obtained from different suppliers developed tail lesions shortly after arrival. Histologically no inclusion bodies could be shown. A serological survey of diseased mice was negative for those viruses which may cause skin lesions. The disease could not be transmitted to healthy mice and no virus could be cultured from the skin lesions. It is concluded that the syndrome was induced by stress, in this case transport from the United Kingdom to the Netherlands.
257Summary Wistar rats of the inbred CPB· WE and the random bred Cpb: WU strains have been used in neuroanatomical studies. In both groups of rats a high incidence of hydrocephalus was observed. In the CPB-WE rats the ventricular dilatation was accompanied by optic tract lesions and microphthalmia. The present report describes the gross and microscopic findings in these rats and discusses the possible aetiology. Keywords: Rats, inbred strains; Hydrocephalus; Optic nerve diseases; MicrophthalmosDuring a morphological study on the normal development of the prefrontal cortex in Wezob (CPB-WE) rats, a high percentage of dilated ventricles was observed. Abnormal development of the optic tract and other disorders of the central nervous system frequently accompanied the ventricular dilatation in these CPB-WE rats. Parallel studies of the albino Cpb: WU (Wistar) rat revealed that dilated ventricles are also present in these rats to a considerably greater extent than reported by Kroes et al. (1981).Since both rat strains are frequently used in biological experiments, we have examined the pathology and aetiology of the dilated cerebral ventricles in CPB-WE and Cpb:WU rats. In addition, some preliminary studies have been performed to indicate the origin of these disorders. Materials and methods AllimalsThe animals examined in this study were the inbred CPB-WE rat and the Cpb:WU rat bred at random. The rats were bred at two locations, namely the Central Institute for the Breeding
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